260 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE OKNITHOLOGY OF INDIA. 



the first and slightly longer than the fourth ; the second to the 

 fourth quills are very conspicuously emarginate on the outer 

 web, and there is generally a trace of this on the fifth and sixth. 



The females are precisely similar to the males, except that 

 they have the maroon everywhere replaced by the same dark 

 green above described as characterizing most of the primary 

 and secondary lesser coverts in the male. 



Davison remarks : — " This Hurrial is exceedingly abundant 

 both at the Andamans and Nicobars, more so at the former 

 than at the latter place. It is always in flocks, keeping gener- 

 ally to the larger forest trees during the heat of the day, but 

 coming into gardens and clearings, or wherever there may be 

 trees with fruits, in the morning and evening. Its fine clear 

 whistling note (very like, but more powerful than,that of 0. mala- 

 baricd) is one of those most frequently heard in the jungles 

 about Port Blair. A few days before leaving Port Blair for 

 Calcutta, I noticed one of these pigeons with a twig in its bill 

 fly into the top of a tall slender tree standing just on the 

 outskirts of the forest : this was in May, so it is probable that 

 these birds breed during that and the following month." 



780— Carpophaga senea, Lin. (25.) 



I follow Lord Walden in adopting this name for the Indian 

 and Andaman birds. He says : — " I have shown that Indian, 

 Ceylon, Burmese, Javan, Bornean, and even Philippine indivi- 

 duals cannot well be specially separated." I have had no oppor- 

 tunity of comparing Javan, Bornean, and Philippine specimens, 

 but as regards specimens from Ceylon, Burmah, and many locali- 

 ties in India, I am disposed to agree. No doubt if one compared 

 a Ceylon bird (pusilla, Blyth,) with a Nepalese one, the' differ- 

 ence^ size is very great ; as to the difference in the color, this 

 appears to be individual ; of two birds from the same locality 

 killed at the same time, one will be bright green, with only a 

 faint bronzy gloss, the other will be a red coppery bird with 

 only a tinge of green. I have two such birds now before me, 

 both killed in the same place in January in the Arakan Hills. 



As regards size this increases slowly, from south to north, in 

 India. In Ceylon birds the wing averages about 8 inches ; in 

 Anjango birds about 8*25; Calicut and Nilghiri birds 8'5 to 8 - 75; 

 in Dacca and Tipperah and Arakan. birds it is about 9 ; Nepal 

 and other Himalayan birds seem to run a little larger still. 

 The Andaman birds are fully as large as the largest continental 

 Indian specimens, and taking a very large series, the fully adult 

 birds have the frontal band and chin purer white, and the 



