FURTHER NOTES ON THE SWANS OF INDIA. 107 



of the culmen which is entirely wanting in the other two species, 

 but this tubercle is equally entirely wanting in the young of 

 olor, and as it is these for the most part that we meet with in 

 India, this point need not be further insisted on here. 



The dimensions of this species, already given by Mr. Blan- 

 ford and myself, will, I think, suffice for all practical purposes. 

 To my description of the young, reproduced above from the 

 Ibis, I have only to add that at a later stage those parts of the 

 bill which I described as pale grey become dull yellow, and 

 the feet black. In the perfect adult the plumage is very pure 

 white, at times with a creamy or buffy tinge on head and back 

 of upper neck, and the bill is as described by Mr. Blanford. 



C. ferus and bewicki both have short rounded (not pointed 

 or wedge-shaped) tails, and both have the bare space in front 

 of the eyes yellow, and not black as in olor. They differ, inter se, 

 amongst other things in the much superior size of ferus ; in 

 the color of the bills, and in ferus having the frontal feathers 

 prolonged into an angle, while in bewicki they terminate in a 

 semicircle. 



The following are dimensions recorded of an adult male and 

 adult female of C. ferus : — 



Male. — Length, 60 ; expanse, 95 ; wing, 25*75 ; tail, 7'5 ; bill 

 along culmen, including bare space on forehead, 4*25 ; from tip 

 to eye, 5-16; tarsus, 4*16. 



Female. — Length, 52 ; expanse, 85 ; Aving, 23*5 ; tail, 7*5 ; 

 bill as above, 4'5 ; to eye, 4*84 ; tarsus, 40. 



The bare space on the forehead and in front of the eyes and 

 the basal portion of the bill is yellowish ; the nail and the tip of 

 the bill is black, the black extending upwards as a point along 

 the culmen to within perhaps 1'5 of the forehead, while the 

 yellow extends forward along the sides of the upper mandible 

 to within perhaps the same distance of the point, the two colors 

 meeting in a slanting line on either side of the bill, Part of the 

 base of the lower mandible and the space between the rami yel- 

 low, the rest black ; the iris is brown ; the feet and claws black. 

 The following are dimensions, &c, of a male of C. bewicki : — 

 Length, 45 ; expanse, 74 ; wing, 20*5 ; tarsus, 5*5 ; bill as 

 above, 3'5 ; to eye, 441 ; tarsus, 3*75. 



The females are smaller, but some males are larger than the 

 dimensions above given, and measure nearly, if not quite, 50 in 

 length. 



In the adults in this species the greater part of the bill is black, 

 but the bare space on the forehead and in front of the eyes is 

 bright yellow, as is also the basal portion of the upper man- 

 dible, the color extending forwards in a curve, but not reaching 

 the nostrils ; the feet black. 



