120 FURTHER ADDITIONS TO THE SINDH AVIFAUNA. 



is pure white in leucomela, whereas in morio the lower sur- 

 face of all the qui'lls is of one uniform color, varying from a 

 a grey brown to a greyish dusky. Apparently in summer the 

 crown, occiput, and nape are nearly pure white, whereas in 

 winter they are almost entirely overlaid with fawny brown. 

 It may be useful to quote for future reference Messrs. Dresser 

 and Blanford's full description of this species. 



" Adult male. — Crown and nape white, the former strongly 

 tinged with brownish grey ; back, scapulars, throat to the 

 upper part of the breast, sides of the head and neck, including 

 a narrow line above the eye, upper parts of the flanks, under 

 wing-coverts, and axillaries glossy jet-black ; wings duller 

 black than the back ; secondaries narrowly tipped with whitish ; 

 rump and upper tail-coverts pure white ; tail as in S. morio, 

 but narrowly tipped with white ; breast and abdomen pure 

 white ; crissum and under tail-coverts pale rufous ; bill and 

 legs black ; iris dark brown. Culmen, 0*7 : wing, 3'8 ; tail, 275 ; 

 tarsus, 1*05. 



Female. — Similar to the male." 



660 Ms.— Corvus umbrinus, Medenb. Sund. 



The occurrence of this species in Sindh, of which I previously 

 had no specimen to compare, enables me to confirm the statement 

 made in a former article (supra p. 64) that my Corvus law- 

 rencii is not in the least like umbrinus. 



C. umbrinus is a smaller bird, with much smaller bill, feet, and 

 legs, and it has the whole of the head and neck all round, and 

 upper breast overlaid with a strong bronzy-brown tint, which 

 renders it impossible to mistake it or confound it with any of 

 the Black Crows of this part of the world. 



The following are the dimensions of the bird from Jacobabad, 

 which is a very fine specimen, and obviously an old adult : — 



Length, 21*5 (against 23 to 24' 75 in laiorencii) ; wing, 

 15'75 (against 16*3 to 17*4 in lawrencii) ; bill at front from 

 junction of frontal feathers and bristles, 2*25 (against 2*55 to 

 2'75 in laivrencii) ; tail, 9*0, (against 10 to 10'5 in lawrencii) ; 

 tarsus, 2*6 (against 2*8 in lawrencii, the tarsi being very nearly 

 double as massive in the latter) ; hind toe and claw, 1*65 

 (against 1'8 in lawrencii). 



This species has hitherto been known form North-East Africa, 

 Palestine, and Beloochistan, about as far east as the 62° East 

 Long. I observed it nowhere between Kurrachee and Gwader, 

 and specimens sent me thence have been lawrencii. Its present 

 discovery at Jacobabad, and about this species there is no 

 doubt, extends its range to nearly the 69° East Long. 



