FURTHER ADDITIONS TO THE SINDH AVIFAUNA. 123 



crown with darker striations, and the region immediately- 

 round the eye brownish white ; back, rump, scapulars, and 

 wiug-co verts warm chestnut-brown ; the feathers with slightly- 

 darker centres; rump lighter and slightly varied with white; 

 upper tail-coverts blackish brown, with broad whitish margins ; 

 quills blackish ; the primaries margined on the outer web from 

 the base to uearly the tip with white, these margins being very 

 narrow on the outer quills, and much broader on the inner ones ; 

 secondaries slightly tipped with white ; the inner secondaries 

 like the back, but darker aud browner; chin and throat dull 

 white, striped with greyish brown ; breast rich carmine red ; rest 

 of the under parts white ; the flanks washed with brown ; beak 

 horn, the under mandible at the base brown ; legs pale reddish 

 brown; iris brown. Total length about 5 1-6 inches ; culmen, 

 045 ; wing, 315 ; tail, 2-0; tarsus, 0-7. 



" Adult female — Resembles the male, but lacks the red on the 

 forehead and on the breast ; the upper parts are browner and 

 more striped ; the breast and flanks are striped with dark 

 brown, and the white edgings to the primaries are less deve- 

 loped. 



" Adult male in winter. — The plumage is a trifle duller than 

 in the summer, and the red on the crown and breast is much 

 paler and obscured by light edgings to the feathers, which, 

 however, wear off in the spring, and permit the full richness 

 of the red to be exhibited. It is not always that the male 

 loses bis rich red breast and head in the winter, and I should 

 think that it is retained by the very old males. We frequently 

 see here in England males in the late autumn with the red 

 richly developed ; and Mr. God man remarks that in the 

 Canaries and at Madeira, the Linnets retain the red in the 

 plumage all the year round. 



" Young of the year. — Resembles the female, but has both the 

 upper and under parts much more distinctly striped with dark 

 brown, 



" Obs. — So far as I can ascertain, it is long before the male 

 attains the full beauty of its plumage. After the first moult 

 the young male has the breast red, though not to any great 

 extent ; but it takes much longer before it assumes the red on 

 the forehead, and before the red on the breast attains its full 

 brilliancy ; and instances are cited by several authors of the 

 male breeding before it has attained its full dress. When in 

 confinement, so soon as it moults, it loses the red, which is 

 then replaced by yellow ; and sometimes wild birds are 

 obtained which have the breast .and forehead orange yellow, 

 instead of red, probably owing to some want of vigour.-" 



A. 0. H. 



