412 BIRDS OCCURRING IN INDIA NOT DESCRIBED 



rufous, except a narrow brown stripe running down the shaft 

 till within one-third of the end of the feather, whence it gra- 

 dually widens so as to occupy at the tip the whole of both webs ; 

 the rump and upper tail-coverts are much the same as the 

 back, but in some specimens slightly more rufous than the lower 

 back ; and the longest of the coverts are in some specimens 

 very narrowly tipped with very pale fulvous white ; the tail is 

 hair brown, darker than the brown portion of the quills ; all the 

 feathers externally very narrowly margined with pale rufous, 

 except the external feather on each side, which has the whole 

 outer web of that colour ; the throat and upper breast are grey- 

 ish White or grey, with more or less numei'ous and conspicuous 

 black median stripes on the feathers. Specimens differ widely 

 in this respect; in some the greyish white is a mere edging to 

 dusky black feathers ; in others only a few black spots and 

 streaks peep out of an almost unbroken grey, and this among 

 specimens killed at the same time and of apparently the same 

 age ; the lower breast and the whole lower parts of the body 

 are pale greyish rufous, all the bases of the feathers (only seen 

 if their tips are lifted) being a sort of bluish dusky ; the 

 axillaries, wing-lining, and, in fact, the whole lower surface of 

 they wings, except the points of the quills, a pale delicate salmon 

 rufous. 



ic The female only differs in being generally somewhat smaller, 

 in having the white, grey, and black of the head, neck, throat, 

 and breast much duller (and in many specimens overcast with 

 a sandy or pale rufous shade), in the various stripes being less 

 well marked, and in having the dark spots and streaks of the 

 throat and breast almost obsolete.''' — Hume, " Ibis," 1869. 



720 fer.— Emberiza schoeniclus, Lin. 



Adult Male in Summer. — (Archangel, 19th May). Entire 

 head deep black ; a white collar passes round the hind neck 

 joining the white on the breast ; a broad white stripe passes 

 down from the base of the lower mandible, enclosing the black 

 throat ; hind neck below the collar deep grey, marked with 

 blackish ; back blackish ; the feathers bordered with ochreous and 

 bay ; rump and upper tail-coverts iron-grey, marked with 

 blackish grey ; quills blackish, externally margined with ochre- 

 ous bay ; the wing-coverts more broadly margined with richer 

 grey • the lesser wing-coverts almost entirely rich deep bay ; 

 underparts white ; the flanks striped with dark grey, the black 

 on the throat descending low, and forming a pointed gorget on 



