516 NOTES. 



reddish colour extending towards the middle of the breast ; 

 bill greyish black ; the base of the lower mandible dull greyish ; 

 legs blackish ; iris dark brown. Total length about 7 inches ; 

 culmen, 0*65 ; wing, 4*0 ; tail, 2*8 ; tarsus, 0*88 ; hind toe with 

 claw, 06 ; hind claw, 0'35. 



" Adult Female. — Resembles the male, but is duller in colour, 

 and the black on the crown is replaced by brown feathers with 

 blackish striations, and the white forehead is similarly 

 obscured. 



" Male in Winter. — Is much duller and browner than the 

 male above described ; the black on the crown is hidden by the 

 yellowish brown tips to the feathers ; the upper parts are 

 wood-brown in tinge, without the pale reddish tinge which 

 pervades the summer dress ; the crown is tinged with sulphur- 

 yellow ; the black facial mark and the pectoral shield are 

 Bmaller in extent, the former marked with sulphur-yellow; 

 and the throat and portions of the head and neck, which in 

 summer are yellowish white, are now primrose-yellow. 



"Nestling. — Crown, sides of the head, nape, back, and scapu- 

 lars blackish brown, marked with round spots of a dull buffy 

 white or pale ochre-colour ; quills blackish brown, with a 

 metallic gloss and broadly edged with pale fulvous buff; secon- 

 daries and wing-coverts broadly tipped with pale buffy white ; 

 tail very short, blackish brown, with a metallic tinge, the outer 

 feather with the outer web yellowish buff, the remaining 

 rectrices bordered with fulvous buff; chin and throat buffy white, 

 slightly marked with blackish ; through and behind the eye an 

 indistinct buffy white streak ; breast and flanks blackish 

 brown, marked with yellowish buff; abdomen and under tail- 

 coverts white." — Dresser's Birds of Europe. 



Uotes. 



Mr. Sharpe remarks, Ibis, 1878, 418, that Cyornis unicolor t 

 Blyth, and C. cyanopolia, Boie, are identical. I have already, 

 S. F.j V., 489 n, pointed out that this is not, in my opinion, the 

 case ; and having a very large series of both forms, I have no 

 hesitation in saying that I consider the two distinct. 



These small Flycatchers require very careful examination, 

 and it is not by a mere casual glance at their general contour 

 and coloration that they can be disposed of. A large series of 

 each form is moreover essential, as it is only when these 

 are seen to be constant throughout huge series from the same 

 locality, that the specific value of the minute differences that 



