Frazer. ] 538 {April 5, 1878. 
form of expressing the Fahrenheit in the Centigrade degree. Rankine is 
responsible for the statement of the relation between English Heat Units 
and French Calories, but both have been verified. 
In weight the fundamental units (the value of the Gram. in Grains) is 
taken from the report of Mr. Upton (Chief Clerk of the Treasury) to Hon. 
John Sherman, Secretary, March 26, 1878, and from this value all the others 
were calculated. 
In fine, all the values here appended have been as carefully as possible 
reyised by the author, and, in addition, have had the benefit of the very 
valuable criticism and corrections of Professor Chase, of Haverford Col- 
lege, and of President Barnard, of Columbia College, the latter of whom 
has conferred greater security in verifying them by the calculating machine. 
In the case of lineal units, four of those most constantly recurring were 
selected, and the values of one up to nine times each unit are given in 
terms of the other. This method, which is employed in Crookes’ ‘‘ Select 
Methods of Chemical Analysis ’’ (London, 1871,) permits any decimal mul- 
tiple or fraction of one unit to be obtained with great accuracy in terms of 
the other, by a change of the decimal point and a simple addition. 
Thus, if it be required to find the number of inches in 348,4 centimeters, 
the fraction would first be written decimally, 348.16. The value in inches 
of three centimeters is 1.181124. 
INCHES. 
300 centimeters would equal................. 118.1124 
40 “ $ EG  ameeiisce dese, losmtaooe 
8 es “ Oe cee aa Kgddedooes, sulle litns 
0.1 e ue Was elaters wie te ahetetor 0.03937079 
0.06 es os Rr See Ae Ab GS Si hI ea 
348.16 ms . 137.07337626 
For area, capacity and weight, the value of only one unit of each is 
given in terms of the other, anda simple multiplication will give any num- 
ber of times such an unit. 
The value of the meter in inches is given by Mr. Upton, Chief Clerk of 
Treasury Department, in the report before mentioned, as 39.370482, and 
consequently the values here given do not agree with those for length, 
area, surface or capacity in that report. 
The same unit which he gives for the gram in grains is adopted here, so 
that the column of weights should accord. 
