218 REPOET— 1881. 



Denhighshire. — The Committee have received the following communi- 

 cation from Mr. D. Mackintosh, F.G.S. : — • 



I lately found a large boulder of Eskdale granite 164 feet above the 

 highest level of the parent rock in situ. It lay amidst many millstone 

 grit boulders on the summit of the mountain ridge south of Miners, 

 Denbighshire, at a height of about 1,450 feet above the sea. 



Height above the Sea of Erratic Ghalk-Jlints. — I lately found many 

 chalk-flints associated with pebbles of Eskdale granite, &c., more than 

 1,100 feet above the sea on the E. side of the mountain south of Minera. 

 Mr. John Aitken has lately informed me that he found univorJced as well 

 as worked chalk-flints more than 1,000 feet above the sea on the western 

 side of the Pennine hills. It is well known that chalk-flints occur in the 

 drift on Moel Tryfan in North Wales up to a great altitude. During late 

 visits to the mountain I found them as high up as 1,350 feet above the 

 sea, or about 350 feet higher than the chalk in situ in Ireland. That the 

 chalk-flints were transported by ice, and that they are not the insoluble 

 residue of chalk which once existed in situ, is evident from the extent to 

 which they are intimately associated with undoubted erratic stones, and 

 from their not being associated with insoluble silicified chalk fossils. 

 It is at the same time very difficult to conceive of chalk itself having once 

 extended over an area so large as that which is more or less strewn with 

 flints without leaving patches in protected situations. 



Passage of Boulders through Gaps. — Many large boulders from the Arenig 

 IMountains have found their way through the gap in the Minera moun- 

 tain range which is traversed by the road leading from Mountain Lodge 

 (W. of Ruabon), to the World's End (N, of Llangollen.) i 



The Committee earnestly repeat their request for the assistance of 

 local observers to enable them to catalogue the rapidly disappearing 

 Erratic Blocks of the country with as much completeness as possible. A 

 large part of the most interesting specimens are especially liable either 

 to be destroyed as nuisances on the land, or utilised as building materials ; 

 and unless especial attention be paid to them during the next few years, 

 no accurate record of their position and character will remain. 



Second Report of the. Committee, consisting of Professor A. Leith 

 Adams, the Eev. Professor Haughton, Professor Boyd Dawkins, 

 and Dr. John Evans, appointed for the purpose of exploring the 

 Caves of the South of Ireland. 



Be]port on the Caves and Kitchen-middens near Gappagh, Go. Waterford, by 



R. J. USSHER. 



Since the explorations reported to the British Association last year, 

 made in a cave at Carrigagower near Middleton, in company with Mr. 

 J. J. Smyth, of Rathcoursey, I had the pleasure of excavating in his 



' In and E. of that gap they are strewn in a manner more easily explained by 

 floating ice than land ice, as it is more difficult to conceive of land ice (after passing 

 through the gap), continuing its course in a narrow stream for several miles in an 

 easterly direction, than it is to conceive of floating ice doing the same. 



