316 



REPORT — 1881. 



East of tlie last boring is that made for the Falwood Local Board by 

 Messrs. Mather and Piatt, Salford Iron Works ; it was carried to 300 feet 

 without penetrating the Pebble Beds of the New Bed Sandstone. The 

 normal height of the boring above Ordnance datum is 70 feet, or 90 

 feet from the surface, reduced, by pumping 40,000 gallons a day, to 20 

 feet above Ordnance datum. 



Analysis of water from bore-hole, Fulwood, by Dr. Campbell Brown 

 (sent to him December 28, 1880). " 



[Analysis expressed in parts- per 100,000.] 

 Mark and denomination of the sample •.■... 

 Total solid matter in solution ••.... 



Orfanic nit^og^en} ^^^ ^''- ^rankland's method.) . . 



Ammonia 



Ammonia from organic matter by distillation with alkaline 

 permanganate . . . . . • . 



Nitrogen as nitrates and nitrites 



Combined chlorine ...... 



Deep bore. 

 4500 



traces only. 



•009 



■006 

 •035 

 2-4 



Hardness, temporary 

 „ permanent 



9-57 

 21-88 



,, total • 31-45 



Dr. Brown states, ' This water contains a large quantity of mineral 

 salts, especially of hardening salts. It will not be economical for washing 

 purposes ; but it is free from organic contamination, and is perfectly whole- 

 some for drinking purposes. Most deep well waters are hard, and at the 

 same time freer from organic matter than surface, or shallow well, water.' 



Cumherland Streams, north of the Central Watershed. 



Kiver Ellen . 

 ,, Waver 

 „ Warnpool . 

 „ Eden . 

 „ Lune and Esk 



Total . 



Trias Marls 



12 



7 



19 



The population of this area in 1881 is about a quarter of a million, 

 requiring a daily supply of 7^ million gallons. 



The available collecting-ground of Permian and Triassic Sandstone 

 amounts to about 100 square miles, which, at 10 inches' percolation, would 

 give a daily average supply of 40 million gallons, a quantity five times in 

 excess of the requirement. 



The sequence of these beds has been worked out lately by Mr. T. V. 

 Holmes (' Q. J. G. S.' 1881), and is as follows :— 



j'l. Stanwix marls, 50 to 100 feet (unconformity). 

 1,2. Kirklinton sandstones, 400 to 500 feet. 

 rS. Gj'psum marls, found in borings, 600 to 700 feet. 

 < 4. St. Bees' sandstone, about 1,500 feet thick under Carlisle. 

 (_6. Shaly beds. 



The St. Bees' Sandstone has been recently discovered, by Mr. Aveline, 

 of the Geological Survey, to be of the same age as the Penrith, and to 

 pass horizontally into it. 



