452 



EEPOBT — 1881. 



Prop. I. — It is required to calculate the effects of the Gulf Stream upon 

 the climates of the North Atlardic and Arctic Regions. 



The following table shows the mean annual temperature, for all longi- 

 tudes, of the several latitudes in the northern and southern hemispheres : 



Prom this it appears that the northern hemisphere is warmer than 

 the southern from lat. 0° to lat. 30°, and that it is colder than the 

 southern from lat. 40° to lat. 60°.' The higher temperature of the 

 southern hemisphere in the temperate latitudes is explained by the 

 existence of three gulf-streams in that hemisphere, while there is only- 

 one in the North Atlantic, and a partial one through Behring Strait, in 

 the northern hemisphere. 



If we make use of Ferrel's Tables ^ of temperature for each parallel of 

 latitude affected by the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, we find the 

 following results : — 



Mean Annual Temperatures. 



Mean temperature Mean temperature 

 Eange of Longitude influenced 

 Lat. N. by Gulf Stream 



40° 0° to 50' W. 



50° 10° E. „ 30° AV. 



60° 20° E. „ 20° W. 



70° 20° E. „ 10° W. 



80° 70° E. „ 10° W. 



The last column shows the temperature to which the climates affected 

 by the Gulf Stream would fall, if the Gulf Stream were to cease, and the 

 differences are shown in the following table : — 



Local and General Fall of Temperature occasioned hy the supposed 

 cessation of the Gulf Stream. 



Mean Annual Temperatures. 



Lat. N. 

 40° 

 50° 

 60° 

 70° 

 80° 



' In point of fact, the latitude at which the mean annual temperature, at all 

 lou2:itucles, is the freezing-point of water is 58° 51' in the northern hemisphere, and 

 62° 41' in the southern hemisphere ; or, in other words, the latitude of mean tempera- 

 ture of 32° F. lies nearer the Pole in the southern hemisjshere than in the northern, 

 by 3° 50' or 230 geographical miles. This makes a very sensible difEerence between 

 the two hemispheres. 



2 United States Coast Surrey 3fefeoroloffical Besearches for the use of the Coast 

 Pilot. Part I. By William Ferrel, M.A., 1877. 



