458 



EEPOET — 1881. 



Parallel of 80° N. Lat. January Temperature. 



The January temperatures, in the N". Atlantic at lat. 80', are raised by 

 the Gulf Stream, from long. 0° to long. 60° E., from - 25°-0 F. to 

 — 10°'4 F. ; the July temperatures remaining unaffected. The corre- 

 sponding effects of the Kuro-Sivvo at Eehring Strait (widened and 

 deepened), would be as follows, on the same supposition as before, as to 

 the relative thermal effects of the ocean-streams. 



Present mean January temperatures at Behring Strait at 80° lat. 



Long 



170° E. 

 180= E. 

 170'-' W. 

 160° W. 

 l.-.0° W. 

 140° W. 

 130° W. 

 120= W. 

 110° W. 



Mean 



34°-22 



Calculating, as before, the effect of the Kuro-Siwo (admitted through 

 Behring Strait), I find that it would raise the mean January temperature 

 from - 34°-22 F. to — 10° 44 F. through 



60 X 1-29 = 77°-4 of longitude 

 aflfected by it. 



This gives, for the consequent January temperature, at all longitudes : 



- 10-44 X 77-4- 25-0 x 282-6 



360 



21°-87 F. 



longitudes, 



is thei'efore 



The January rise of temperature, at all 

 3"'13 F., and the mean annual rise in temperature is l°-57 F. 



Placing all these results together, we obtain the following effects upon 

 the January temperatures of the Arctic Regions produced by the admis- 

 sion of the Kuro-Siwo through Behring Strait. 



As the July temperatures remain unaffected all through, zoologists and 

 botanists can readily estimate the trifling effects of this cbange of climate 

 upon animal and plant life. 



We have hitherto considered the direct effects of tepid ocean-currents, 

 like the Gulf Stream and Kuro-Siwo, if admitted into the Arctic Ocean, 

 and have found that they produce no effect whatever upon the summer 

 temperature of the higher latitudes, although they unquestionably benefit 

 the winter temperatures of those latitudes. 



We must now examine the indirect effects of the admission of these 

 tepid ocean-currents, which are perhaps of more serious importance to the 

 welfare of plants and animals. 



