690 EEPORT — 1881. 



The remaining portion of the paper is occupied by a descriptive account of the^ 

 vessel generally, each part separately, the loose articles which were found in the 

 sepulchral chamber, and those which were found in the moiuid around the vessel. 



2. On Excavations in the Earthwork called Danes' ByJce at Flamhorough,. 

 and on the Earthvmrhs of the Yorkshire Wolds. By Major-General 

 PiTT-RiTERS, F.B.8. (formerly Colonel Lane-Fox). 



General Pitt-Eivers showed, by means of a large map, that many of the en- 

 trenchments on the Wolds and north of the Derwent Valley appeared to have 

 formed part of a connected system for the defence of the ground from the west- 

 ward. 1st. The entrenchment known as the Danes' Dyke, which cuts oS Flam- 

 borough Head, was ob^ iously an entrenchment intended to secure the promontory 

 from an attack fiom the west. Next the Argam Dyke was a work parallel to the 

 last, and probably formed the next position which the invaders took up as they 

 advanced inland. The North Wolds are fortified by an entrenchment which rims 

 along the top of the chalk escarpment overloolring the Derwent Valley, and several 

 entrenchments on the North and South Wolds run along the hills in a position to 

 command the valleys to the westward. On the oolite hills to the north of the 

 Derwent Valley there are numerous ra\"ines wliich run southward into the valley,, 

 and some of them are fortified by entrenchments on their eastern brow, which 

 proved that the defenders of the district anticipated an attack from the west. 

 General Pitt-Eivers made a cutting through the Danes' Dyke, to ascertain if possible 

 the date of its construction, and in so doing found evidence of the manufacture of 

 flint implements, both before and after the construction of the entrenchment. 

 Close beneath the top of the rampart he found a large number of flint flakes, lying 

 in a horizontal position just beneath the surface soil, in a position to prove that 

 the defenders must have" worked flints on the bank aftei- it had been made. As many 

 as 827 flakes and artificially formed chips of flint were found in this position. 

 This result shows that the dyke was not later than the Bronze Period, that is to 

 say, the period of the tumuli on the Wolds, which Canon Greenwell has shown to 

 have belonged to the Early Bronze Age — an age in which flint continued to be used 

 for many ordinary purposes. The question as to where the invaders came from, if in- 

 vaders they were",^^•as influenced by the consideration that the Early Bronze Age does 

 not appear to have existed in Demnark, and if the invaders came from there, some 

 isolated specimens of bronze implements analogous to those found in Denmark 

 would certainly have been found in the Wolds, instead of the simple triangular dagger 

 and axe-head, which is rarely found in Denmark. The idea that the dykes were 

 made by Anglian invaders, however natural it at first sight appeared, must 

 therefore, as the result of these diggings, be given up. The paper was illustrated 

 by a section of the Danes' Dyke to scale, showing the positions of the objects found 

 in it. 



S. On the Application of Composite Portraiture to Anth ropological purposes^ 



By Fkancis Galton, F.B.S. 



The author exhibited a composite picture of eight slaxlls of male Andaman 

 Islanders. They had been successively mounted under the instruction of Mr. 

 Flower, upon a rod passing through the occipital foramen, with the base of the 

 skull at right angles to the rod. Each portrait represented one of the skulls in 

 exact profile, with the light falling upon it from the same side. The separate 

 portraits were combined into a single composite by the author's new instrument, 

 described in the ' Photographic Journal ' of last June, and exhibited in the Loan 

 Museum during the meeting. The portraits were successively adjusted hj the 

 images of three fiducial lines. Thus the front edge of the image of the rod in each 

 portrait was adjusted to a vertical line, and the base of the condyle to a horizontal 

 one, in order to regulate the position of the skull, and tl.e point of intersection of 



