1891.] 11 [Briuton. 



Nagualism. A Study in Native American Folk-lore and 



History. 



By Daniel G. Brinfon, 3I.D. 

 (Read be/ore the American Philosophical Society^ Jan^y 5,1804-) 



Contents. 



1. The words Nagunl. NagunlUm. Nagualist. 2. The Earliest Refer- 

 ence to Na, 211 ill ism. 3. The Naualli of the Aztecs ; their Classes and 

 Pretended Powers. 4. The Sacred Intoxicants ; the Peyotl, the Ololiuh- 

 qui, the Teopatli, the Yax ITa, etc. 5. Clairvoyance and Telepathy dur- 

 ing Intoxication. 6. Tlie Naualli of Modern Mexico. 7. The Tonal 

 and the I'onalpouhque ; the Genethliac System of the Nahuas. 8. The 

 Aztec Sodality of " Master Magicians." 9. The Personal Guardian 

 Spirit. 



10. Folk-lore of the Mixe Indians. 11. Astrological Divination or 

 the Zapotecs. 12. Similar Arts of the Mixtecs. 13. Nagualism in Chi- 

 apas, as Described by Bishop Nunez de la Vega. 14. Nagualism 

 Among the Quiches, Cakchiquels and Pokonchis of Guatemala. 15. 

 The Metamorphoses of Gul<umatz. 16. Modern Witchcraft in Yucatan 

 and Central America ; the Zahoris and Padrinos. 



17. Fundamental Principles of Nagualism, Hatred of the Whites and of 

 Christianity. 18. Its Organization and Extent; its Priesthood. 19. lis 

 Influence in the Native Revolts against the Spanish Power. 20. Ex- 

 alted Position of Woman in Nagualism. 21. This a Survival from An- 

 cient Times. 22. A Native Joan of Arc. 23. Modern Queens ol 

 Nagualism. 



24. The Cave-temples and the Cave-gods ; Oztoteotl, Tepeyollotl, 

 Votan, etc. 25. The Sacred Numbers, 3 and 7. 26. Fire Worship of 

 the Nagualists. 27. Fire Rights Connected with the Pulque. 28. Fire 

 Ceremonies of the Modern Mayas. 29. Secret Significance of Fire 

 Worship. 30. The Chalchiuites, or Sacred Green Stones. 31. The 

 Sacred Tree and the Tree of Life. 33. The Cross and its Symbolic 

 Meaning. 33. The Lascivious Riles of the Nagualists. 34. Tlieir Re- 

 lation to the Symbols of the Serpent and the Phallus. 



35. Confusion of Christian and Native Religious Ideas ; Prayers of 

 Nagual Priests. Their Symbolic Language 36. The Inquisition and 

 Nagualism. 37. Etymology of the Word Nagual. 38. The Root Na in 

 the Maya, Zapotec and Nahuatl Languages. 39. The Doctrine of Ani- 

 mal Transformation in the Old World. 40. The Doctrine of Personal 

 Spirits in the Old World. 41. Scientific Explanations of Nagual Magic. 

 42. Conclusion. 



