Lyman.] J-^^ [May IS, 



ville, York county, came from the Gwynedd shales ; for the place would 

 seem to be not far from the horizon of the coal near Liverpool, close by, 

 that most likely corresponds to the other Pennsylvania traces of coal in 

 the Gwynedd shales and to the more abundant Richmond and North 

 Carolina coals. The fossil algse of A. "Wanner, four miles "eastward'' 

 from the Goldsboro fossil footprints, in York county, would also seem to 

 be near the Liverpool coal and likewise in the Gwynedd shales, perhaps 

 higher up than the vertebrate fossils. The footprints and algie described 

 by A. Wanner as about a mile south of Goldsboro, would then seem likely 

 to be in the Lansdale shales, perhaps towards the top of them. 



In Virginia, it is doubtful whether the total New Red thickness is any- 

 thing like so great as in Pennsylvania ; but, according to Fontaine's 

 description (U. 8. Geol. Survey, Monograph, 1883, vi, 6), there would 

 seem to be representatives there of all five divisions, with a confusion of 

 the two sets of dark shales, on account of their occurring quite discon- 

 nectedly one in the eastern and the other in the western areas. The 

 accompanying map, copied from Oswald .J. Heinrich's map in the Trans- 

 actions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, Vol. vi, PI. v, 1879, 

 with the slight change of omitting certain misleading symbols and adding 

 some names of fossil places, will perhaps sufficiently show the geographi- 

 cal position of the New Red in Virginia and North Carolina. 



Fontaine saj's (p. 6) : " The strata of all the areas may be divided into 

 three groups, and this division is most marked in the two eastern coal- 

 bearing areas [the Richmond basin, including the barren Hanover county 

 portion at its northern end, and the Cumberland, or Farmville, basin]. 

 The coal in these occurs in the middle group and is accompanied by a 

 large proportion of black shales. The lowest beds of the two coal-bear- 

 ing areas are sandstones and shales of a predominant gray color, but with 



some red strata The Cumberland area contains much more of 



them [the red] than the Richmond area The more western areas 



.... show also the threefold grouping of the strata, but in a less marked 

 manner. Where plants and traces of coal occur in them they are found 

 in the middle member. This member contains a comparatively small 

 amount of red beds. The beds are here often gray or greenish gray. The 

 lower group of these areas is usually characterized by the large amount 

 of red strata present and the absence of traces of vegetable matter, except 

 silicified wood. The upper group or member varies in character with the 

 locality, but .... the beds are usually barren sandstones and shales, 

 formed of well-sorted components." 



It seems highly probable that the middle member of these western 

 areas, near the Blue Ridge, in Northern Virginia, is the same as the Per- 

 kasie shales and that the middle member, at least, of the Richmond and 

 Farmville coal fields corresponds to some part of the Gwynedd and Phoe 

 nixville shales, notable in Pennsylvania, even, as containing some thin 

 coal beds. Indeed, it is possible that the whole of the Mesozoic of those 

 two fields may be included in the Gwynedd shales. 



