1894.] ^^^ [Lyman. 



The map shows, in spite of some uncertainty about the true limits of the 

 different subdivisions of the shales, that the quantity of the New Red 

 that occurs in Connecticut and Massachusetts is probably decidedly less 

 than in Central New Jersey, and that the diminution is still most likely 

 due, not to a proportional thinning of the several subdivisions, but to the 

 total absence of the upper beds, leaving the lower divisions apparently 

 not very different in thickness from what they are in Eastern Pennsylva- 

 nia. Their thickness, however, needs to be determined with more pre- 

 cision by a closer consideration of the hitherto only scantily published 

 dips. Owing to this evident diminution of the total thickness, it is not 

 necessary to retain, with reversed throws, the series of parallel longitudi- 

 nal faults that has been proposed for Connecticut. 



The geological structure indicated by the map seems very natural and 

 quite in harmony with all the recorded facts and to make no serious fault 

 necessary. The dips near Middletownand Portland and westward would 

 seem to be very gentle, and "occasionally westerly" (J. D. Dana, Am. 

 Jour. Sci., 1891, Vol. xlii, p. 446), so as to justify the indication given of 

 a very shallow basin there, bringing quite naturally the brownstone of 

 the Norristown shales to the surface at Portland. There seems to be an- 

 other narrower shallow basin or two just west of that one. A very low 

 anticlinal (not a great fault) north of Meriden apparently enables the 

 same brownstone to crop out so far north as Longmeadow, in the 

 southern edge of Massachusetts. The geological structure towards the 

 eastern edge of the New Red, to the dip, seems to be much more compli- 

 cated than towards the western edge ; just as in New Jersey and Pennsyl- 

 vania it is so along the western edge, to the dip there. 



The fossil horizons can be estimated roughly, but probably without very 

 great error. The Easthampton (Mass.) fossil would seem to have come 

 from somewhere near the middle of the Norristown shales ; the Portland 

 fossils from the same shales, somewhat nearer their top, and the fossils from 

 the west bank of the Connecticut at the Enfield bridge in Suffleld, and those 

 of Turner's Falls again from the same shales, perhaps still closer to the top. 

 The fossils of the small detached area at Southbury also belong probably 

 to those shales, but possibly a little higher. The fossils of Durham, Mid- 

 dlefield, west of Middletown, Westfield (Conn.), Wethersfield, Mit- 

 tineaque Falls in West Springfield, southeastern Northampton (close 

 above Holyoke), northern South Hadley, Whitmore's Ferry (in Sunder- 

 land), Montague and the Horse Race (on Connecticut river in Gill), all 

 seem to belong very closely to one horizon, and that just above the bot- 

 tom of the Gwynedd shales. The fossils of Chicopee and those between 

 Chicopee and Springfield (possibly those of Springfield, too, if not a little 

 lower) and those of South Hadley Falls would seem to be from the same 

 shales slightly higher up ; and the fossils from Chicopee Falls again from 

 the same shales, possibly still slightly higher up ; and those from Amherst 

 perhaps yet higher. The fossil bones from East Windsor would appear 

 also to come from the Gwynedd shales, but near their top ; and those 



