ADDRESS. xcl 
swering internal relations that are absolutely constant and universal. Such 
relations we have in those of Space and Time. As the substratum of all 
other relations of the Non-Ego, they must be responded to by conceptions 
that are the substrata of all other relations in the Ego. Being the constant 
and infinitely repeated elements of thought, they must become the automatic 
elements of thought—the elements of thought which it is impossible to get 
rid of—the ‘ forms of intuition.’ ” 
Throughout this application and extension of the “ Law of Inseparable Asso- 
ciation,” Mr. Spencer stands upon his own ground, invoking instead of the 
experiences of the individual the registered experiences of the race. His 
overthrow of the restriction of experience to the individual is, I think, 
complete. That restriction ignores the power of organizing experience fur- 
nished at the outset to each individual; it ignores the different degrees of 
this power possessed by different races and by different individuals of the same 
race. Were there not in the human brain a potency antecedent to all expe- 
rience, a dog or cat ought to be as capable of education as a man. ‘These 
predetermined internal relations are independent of the experiences of the 
individual. The human brain is the “ organized register of infinitely nu- 
merous experiences received during the evolution of life, or rather during the 
evolution of that series of organisms through which the human organism has 
been reached. The effects of the most uniform and frequent of these expe- 
riences have been successively bequeathed, principal and interest, and have 
slowly mounted to that high intelligence which lies latent in the brain of the 
infant. Thus it happens that the European inherits from twenty to thirty 
cubic inches more of brain than the Papuan. Thus it happens that faculties, 
as of music, which scarcely exist in some inferior races, become congenital 
in superior ones. Thus it happens that out of savages unable to count up 
to the number of their fingers, and speaking a language containing only nouns 
and verbs, arise at length our ‘Newtons and Shakespeares.” 
‘At the outset of this Address it was stated that physical theories which lie 
beyond experience are derived by a process of abstraction from experience. 
It is instructive to note from this point of view the successive introduction of 
new conceptions. The idea of the attraction of gravitation was preceded by 
the observation of the attraction of iron by a magnet, and of light bodies by 
rubbed amber. The polarity of magnetism and electricity appealed to the 
senses; and thus became the substratum of the conception that atoms and 
molecules are endowed with definite, attractive and repellent poles, by the 
, play of which definite forms of crystalline architecture are produced. Thus 
molecular force becomes structural. It required no great boldness of thought 
to extend its play into organic nature, and to recognize in molecular force 
the agency by which both plants and animals are built up. In this way out 
of experience arise conceptions which are wholly ultra-experiential. None 
of the atomists of antiquity had any notion of this play of molecular polar 
force, but they had experience of gravity as manifested by falling bodies. 
Abstracting from this, they permitted their atoms to fall eternally through 
empty space; Democritus assumed that the larger atoms moved more rapidly 
than the smaller ones, which they therefore could overtake, and with which 
they could combine. Epicurus, holding that empty space could offer no 
resistance to motion, ascribed to all the atoms the same velocity ; but he seems 
‘to have overlooked the consequence that under such circumstances the atoms 
could never combine. Lucretius cut the knot by quitting the domain of physics 
altogether, and causing the atoms to moye together by a kind of volition. 
Was the instinct utterly at fault which caused Lucretius thus to swerve 
