ANTHROPOLOGICAL NOTES AND QUERIES FOR TRAVELLERS. 215 
and directed to the acquirement of knowledge respecting the geographical 
distribution, migration, and intermixture of the different races of mankind, 
as well as the physical and mental capacity of these races for civilization. 
Under the second division we haye questions bearing upon the rise and. 
progress of the arts, religions, laws, customs, and institutions of mankind, 
and the means by which they have been developed and spread by war, com- 
merce, and other causes, and including all that comes under the head of the 
new science of Sociology, to which comparatively little attention has been 
paid hitherto. ink 
The whole of the first or ethnological division of the subject has been 
intrusted to Dr. Beddoe, with the exception of the section on physiognomy, 
which has been contributed by Mr. Darwin, and some remarks on heredity 
by Mr. Galton. In Section I. is given a description of the various instru- 
ments to be employed in measuring the different parts of the body and 
skulls. A description of the parts to be measured is given in Section 
II., which includes two diagrams showing the positions in which the 
measurements are to be taken, Under anatomy and physiology are in- 
cluded questions relating to the internal organism and the soft parts of the 
body—muscles, circulation, respiration, temperature, nerves, tissues, &c, In 
Section IV., under development and decay, are given inquiries into the 
periods of growth, length of life, puberty, dentition, death-rate, birth-rate, 
&e. Section V. is devoted to the qualities, mode of growth, and tex- 
ture of the hair. Under Section VI. are given instructions for esti- 
mating accurately the colour of the eyes, skin, and hair of races. «« Hyen 
educated men,” says Dr, Beddoe, “ differ yery widely as to the appreciation of 
colours and their nomenclature. Such a term as olive, for example, is used 
Wy different observers to denote hues totally different from each other. 
oreover, decided colours, such as bright red or yellow, or coal-black, are 
apt to attract the eye, and their frequency is likely to be overestimated. It 
is therefore most desirable that information as to the colour of the skin, hair, 
and eyes should be collected in a systematic manner, by comparing those of 
every individual observer with a table of numbered squares showing the 
yarious shades of colour graduated from coal-black to the fairest European 
flesh-colour, and including all the different hues that are to be found amongst 
the races of mankind,” In order that the data of European and foreign 
observers might tally as closely as possible in their system of appreciating 
these colours, we have adopted the chromatic tables of M. Broca, who has 
kindly given his assistance in obtaining the identical shades which he has 
employed. These tables occupy three pages of the book. 
Passing over two sections relating to the odour and motions of the body, 
we come to Section IX. on physiognomy, by Darwin, which includes such 
remarks as the following :—‘ General remarks on expression,” he says, 
“are of comparatively little yalue ; and memory is so deceptive that it ought 
not to be trusted. A definite description of the countenance under any 
emotion or frame of mind, with a statement of the circumstances under which 
it occurred, would possess much value. 1. Is astonishment expressed by the 
eyes and mouth being opened wide, and by the eyebrows being raised? Are 
the open hands often raised high up, with the fingers widely separated, and the 
palms directed towards the person causing astonishment ? Is the open mouth 
in some cases covered by the hand? or is the hand carried to some part of the 
head? 2, Does shame excite a blush when the colour of the skin allows it 
to be visible? and especially how low down the body does the blush extend? 
3, When a man is indignant or defiant, does he frown, hold his bedy and 
head erect, square his shoulders, and clench his fists? 4. When considering 
