ANTHROPOLOGICAL NOTES AND QUERIES FOR TRAVELLERS. 217 
It has been shown that the rise of culture in man has been one of evolu- 
tion, corresponding in all respects with the evolution of those species of 
animals amongst which that of man is included, that every art, custom, and 
institution has a history of development which is capable of being studied 
apart from that of the development of the particular races amongst whom 
those customs thrive, and that the attention of anthropologists in the future 
will in a great measure be occupied in tracing the sequence of that develop- 
ment and the laws by which it is governed. 
This is the science of “ Sociology,” the rise of which has been marked by the 
conversion of ethnology into anthropology, or the study of man in all its 
bearings, and for the prosecution of which far greater accuracy of detail is 
required in the description of the social institution of savages and barbarous 
races than has been devoted to the subject hitherto. Every work of man’s 
hand and brain has now to be studied in its bearings upon social evolution; 
just as in the study of natural history every part of an organism and every 
variety of species has to be studied in its bearings upon the evolution of 
species. The social anatomy of every tribe and race has to be considered 
in all its parts, and the questions by which the attention of travellers have 
been directed to the several subjects have therefore been classified, as far as 
possible, by their affinities, and by their relation to the general results. 
Under the head of “ History” it has been endeavoured to collect all the 
information that can be obtained from the traditions of the people, and from 
inquiries as to their mode of recording events. Archeology is divided into 
Paleolithic period, Cave period, Neolithic or Surface period, Megalithic 
monuments, Tumuli, &c. ; engravings of the principal types of implements 
to be looked for have been contributed by Mr. John Evans, and the attention 
of travellers has been directed, by means of a diagram, to the position in 
which such implements are likely to be found. When it is considered that 
it is only within the last fifteen or twenty years that archeologists have begun 
to study in earnest the prehistoric monuments and implements of civilized 
countries, and that the antiquities of savage and uncultivated countries are 
entirely unknown, important results may be expected from this branch of 
inquiry. 
The important subjects of food, narcotics, cannibalism, personal ornament, 
tattooing, and clothing have been treated by Mr. Franks. War, hunting, 
games, archzology, stone implements, circumcision, drawing, and ornamen- 
tation, by myself. Deformations, by Professor Busk. Machinery, string, 
weaving, dyeing, basketwork, and engineering, by Mr. John Evans. 
Medicine, by Dr. Barnard Davis. Trade, money, weights, and measures, 
domestication of animals, by Mr. Hyde Clarke. Communications, causes that 
limit population, population, and statistics, by Mr. Galton. Contact of 
savages with civilized races, by Sir T. Gore Browne. Marital relations, 
relationships, treatment of widows, infanticide, and memorial structures, by 
Sir John Lubbock. Pastoral and monastic life, by Mr. Howorth. Govern- 
ment, laws, and crimes, by Mr. Brabrook. Etymology, arithmetic, morals, 
covenants, religions, superstitions, magic, customs, taboo, language, poetry, 
writing, by Mr. Tylor. Music, by Mr. Carl Engel. The subject of religion 
is treated by Mr. Tylor in great detail, and is divided under numerous sub- 
headings. 
The work concludes with a valuable section by Mr. Galton, on the mode 
of obtaining statistics and striking averages. Many of the questions through- 
out the book are of a nature which, from the apparent insignificance of the 
subjects referred to, might appear to those ignorant of the requirements of 
anthropology unimportant or even childish; and yet from that very cause 
