146 REPORT—1874. 
Note on the River-Names and Populations of Hibernia, and their Relation to 
the Old World and America. By Hype Crarxe. 
Having pointed out that a Celtic explanation for rivers in these islands is not 
allsufficient, he called attention to the circumstance that the same names as in Ire- 
land and Britain were found in Ancient India and elsewhere. Thus, Tamaros 
and Tamarus, Tava and Tava, Tina and Tyna, Senus (Shannon) and Sonus, Tamesa 
and Adamas, Tamion and Temala, Ausoba (Moy) and Sobanus, Ravius and Arabius, 
Tobios and Attabas. Beyond this he referred to the conformity of these British and 
Indian names with those of ancient civilized America, as Tamaros and Tamar, Senus 
and Stnw, Ausoba and Sibu, Tamion and Tamoin, in compliance with the general 
fact of the almost identity of Indian and Peruvian names. This was referable, not 
to the Pheenicians, but to that much earlier period of civilization of the Sumir and 
Accad in Babylonia, and to be called Sumirian, when the world was of one official 
speech, and great monumental cities were raised by people speaking allied languages 
in Southern Europe, Asia Minor, Babylonia, India, Indo-China, Peru, and Mexico. 
To this epoch were to be referred the gold ornaments of Ireland and the fire-worship 
of Baaltin, and perhaps the round towers in their origin. With regard to the very 
yaried population of Ireland, beyond Celtic, English, and the Basque, or so-called 
Iberian types, Mr. Clarke considered it should be compared for higher and lower 
Caucasian types. He recommended a close inyestigation of the names of places. 
Note on the Phenician Inscription of Brazil. By Hype Crarxe. 
The author doubted its authenticity on internal evidence, as King Hiram would 
not send an expedition from Eziongeber on the Red Sea to America. The Atlantic 
and Pacific Oceans, Australia, North and South America were known in the earliest 
stages of learning in Babylonia, and were distinctly taught in the doctrine of the 
Four Worlds by the School of Pergamos, and which lingered till the discoveries of 
Columbus. The Canaanites were of the same speech as those allied to Sumir and 
Accad of Babylonia, who had spread civilization throughout the world, and had occu- 
pied and founded Peru and Mexico. Although the knowledge only existed in a 
misunderstood tradition among the Greeks and Romans, it was accessible to the 
Pheenicians ; and Hiram would have despatched his expeditions from Tyre, or 
from Spain, and not from Eziongeber. 
The Agaw Race in Caucasia, Africa, and South America. 
By Hypr Crarxe. 
The author gave a copious account of this family of languages as one of those 
which denoted a general migration throughout the world. He first examined the 
Abkhass of Caucasia, which he identified with the Achaia Vetus. Of this branch 
he gave a detailed account, suggesting that they were the Havilah of Genesis, the 
Akaiusha of the Egyptians, and that they gave name to the people known in Greece 
as Achivi, and in the west as Aquitani. Passing to the Nile region, he compared 
the language and grammar of the Agaw and of the Falasha or Black Jews. In 
India, he referred to the Kajunah and Gadaba as possibly allied. Tracing the 
migration across the Pacific, he showed how widely spread the language is, under 
the names of Guarani and Omagua, in Brazil and Paraguay, driven forward by the 
Aymara and Inca empires of the after-Sumirian migration. 
Mr. Clarke suggested that some of the earlier river-names of the Old World and 
America were Agaw, referring to Iberus, Siberis, Tiberis, Liparis, Baris, Para, 
Parana, Parahyba, Paraguay. The Agaw race had never constituted cities and 
kingdoms ; such belonged to the later Sumirian epoch. In South America, 
although covering such a vast extent, the people were in the same political con- 
dition as in Abyssinia or Caucasia. 
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