184 REPORT— 1874. 
heliotype process, and was utilized for that purpose in the field. The field equip- 
ment for these processes consisted of a photographic, a lithographic, and 
printing waggon, all of which are attached to the telegraph troop of the Royal 
Engineers, each waggon being horsed by four horses. Enough material is carried 
for a four months’ campaign for every purpose for which the respective waggons are 
adapted. A mountain equipment for each of these processes was described. It is 
capable of being carried on the backs of mules, and is therefore adapted for such 
campaigns as the Abyssinian and Bhootan. 
On Reconnaissance of a new or partially known Country. 
By Lieut. Warren, 2.2. 
This paper is practically an exhaustive instruction-book for military surveyors, 
consisting mostly of mechanical detail, and quite incapable of being abstracted 
with utility. 
On Surveys in Ireland. Communicated by the Ordnance Department. 
The circumstances connected with the Government surveys of confiscated lands 
in 1586, 1609, and 1652 are here succinctly narrated, the last (the “ Down” 
survey) being given more in detail. After a sketch of the origin of the English 
Ordnance Survey, its extension in 1825 to Ireland (when the triangulation com- 
menced on Divis Mount near Belfast) and subsequent operations are described, 
and the various uses to which the resulting maps may be put are recapitulated, 
the older surveys being shown to have been but portions of various oppressive 
plans, whilst the operations of the present scheme relieve all classes from unequal 
taxation, simplify the conveyance of land, and in various ways act equitably for 
the good both of individuals and the State. 
Note on the International Congress of Geographical Sciences. 
By Mons. Cuarres Mavnorr, Secretary of the French Geographical Society. 
After a precise account of the origin and proceedings of the first meeting of the 
Congress at Antwerp, from 14th to 22nd August, 1871, and of the successful steps 
taken by the Organization Committee of that meeting to induce the French Geogra- 
phical Society to undertake the management of a second gathering at Paris, the 
author gave details of the composition and labours of the General Commission and 
its Subcommittee, resulting in the appointment of an Honorary Committee and a 
Committee of Congress, the latter divided into Scientific, Organizing, Exhibiting, 
Publishing, and Account sections, and the Scientific Section being subdivided into 
Mathematical, Hydrographical, Physical, Historical, Economical, and Instructional 
branches, with another for explorations and travels. 
The points settled by the Committee of Congress were :—1, the establishment of 
a provisional Board of Inquiry, to which questions could be referred, each of the 
scientific groups being required to prepare a series of these; 2, the constitution of 
an Honorary Conanities of all Nations (a full list of the members hitherto elected 
being given) ; 3, the procuring the countenance of the French Government and 
of the Parisian municipal authorities. 
Subscriptions were fixed at 15 francs for each member, and a separate class for 
donors of 50 francs and upwards was instituted. 
It was fixed that the Congress should open on 31st March, 1875, and last (at most) 
for ten days. Separate morning meetings were to be held in the various groups, 
and general afternoon sessions. The Exhibition will open simultaneously with the 
Congress, and close on 30th April, when prizes awarded by an international jury to 
exhibitors will be given. Transactions and Proceedings of the Congress will be 
published, with lists of subscribers and donors, and a copy of such publications, 
and a card of admission to the meetings and the Exhibition, will be given to each 
subscriber or donor. 
