440 



BEPORT 1873. 



The following Table shows the results of these analyses, as far as the 

 nitrogen is concerned : — 



While the Committee considered that any such system -was impracticable 

 for large populations, on account of the amount of earth that -n^ould be 

 required to be carted in and out daily, they added, " It may readily be ad- 

 mitted that it would be a great advantage, in a sanitary point of view, in the 

 cases of sick rooms, detached houses, or even villages, and that it might be 

 even economical where the earth for preparation and absorption and the 

 land for utilization are in close proximity." (Eeport III. pp. 187 & 188, 

 and Eeport IV. p. 143.) 



II. Waier-Carriage System. 



This is only carried out in a few foreign towns (Eeport I. pp. 321-323). 

 Of the 107 places reported on by the Committee in their First Eeport, there 

 were only 11 without any system of sewerage at all; 48 were completely 

 sewered, and 48 partially so. In 42 places water-closets were found to be 

 general, and in 25 adopted partially. In the 200 towns scheduled in the Second 

 Eeport, there were 44 in which water-closets were found to be general, and 

 75 in which they existed in considerable number; but there were only 11 of 

 these 200 towns also which were totally unprovided with sewers, and in 

 which the liquid refuse of various sorts found its way into surface-streams 

 or was absorbed by the subsoil — a sufficient proof that Conservancy plans do 

 not get rid of the necessity of having sewerage arrangements in towns. 



As to water-supply, the sources appear to be exceedingly various. " In 

 the 200 scheduled towns there are 90 whoUy dependent on a public or general 

 supply, 22 on private sources only, and 88 partly on private sources in 

 addition to a public supply." The quantity supplied varied from 10 to 60 

 gallons per head per day, a large number of towns having a supply varying 

 from 20 to 30 gallons per head. Storm and surface-waters are, as a rule, 

 received into the sewers; but sometimes, "where new systems of sewerage 

 have been adopted, the old sewers are entirely devoted to the discharge of 

 surface-waters ; in one instance special sewers are appropriated to the same 

 purpose, while in 11 other instances the old surface-channels are used." 



It was found that in about 100 out of the 200 towns the sewers drained 

 the subsoil. The 200 towns were arranged in three classes as follows : — 



Towns. Population. 



I. Towns having a complete system of underground 

 sewerage, a general water-supply, and a general 

 adoption of water-closets discharging into the 

 sewers 44 1,154,600 



*n. Towns having a system of underground sewer- 

 age with water-supply, and only a partial 

 adoption of water-closets 145 5,785,840 



III. Towns with no system of underground sewerage 11 218,800 



Total 200 7,159,240 



* In this class there are some towns with as few as six water-closets only. 



