ON THE BRADFORD WATERWORKS. 453 



beck, Swartha beck, Clougb beck, Spinner beck, and the Judith-Cliflfe beck 

 in the valley of the river Aire. These streams receive the water from a 

 drainage area of 9770 acres, 7550 acres being in the Wharfe valley, and 

 2220 acres in the Aire valley. 



The average rainfall on these gathering-grounds is about 36 inches per 

 annum. 



There is no storage reservoir in the valley of the river Aire, so that that 

 part of the gathering-ground cannot at present be fully utilized ; the daily 

 flow of the streams only can be taken, and none of the winter flow can be 

 collected for summer use. 



In the vaUey of the Wharfe there are two storage reservoirs, viz. the Barden 

 reservoir and the Chelker reservoir. 



The sources of supply for the high-level service lie to the west of Bradford 

 in the valleys of the Denholme beck and the river Worth, both tributaries of 

 the river Aire. 



The principal streams taken are the Stubdeu beck and the Foreside beck 

 in the Denhobne vaUey, and the Bond Clough, Rag-Clough beck, Greenholes 

 Clough, Hardnese Clough, Deep Dyke, Paul Clough, Sun-Hill Clough, 

 Nan Scar beck, Holden Clough, Harden Clough, Stoney-HiU Clough, and 

 Foster Dyke iu the valley of the river Worth. None of the works in the 

 Worth valley have been completed yet ; up to the present time the high-level 

 supply has been drawn entirely from the Stubden and Foreside becks. The 

 drainage-area of these streams is 2700 acres, viz. 900 acres iu the Denholme 

 valley, and 1800 acres in the Worth valley. 



The average rainfall is about 42 inches per annum, and the lowest level at 

 which water is taken for supply is 1030 feet above the sea. 



Nearly the whole of the gathering-grounds from which the water for supjily 

 is drawn are high moor lands, above the reach of any pollution from populated 

 districts ; they range in elevation from 600 feet to 1475 feet above the level 

 of the sea. 



The total acreage of the drainage-area exclusively appropriated for the 

 supply of the town is 13,000 acres, viz. : — 



Low Level. 



Wharfe valley 7550 



Aire valley 2220 9,770 



High Level. 



Denholme valley 900 



Worth valley 1800 2,700 



Old Worhs. 

 Many Wells spring 530 



Total Acreage 13,000 



The water collected from these sources is conveyed to the town by means 

 of covered stone conduits and large iron pipes. The length of the conduit 

 from the Heaton-service reservoir at Bradford to tlie Barden reservoir is 

 18 miles, and from the Barden reservoir to the Sand-bed beck at Burnsal, 

 the most distant stream taken to the north, 4 miles. The length of the iron 

 main from the Hortou-Bank reservoir to the Stubden reservoii- at Denholme 



