TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 65 



Note on the Elements in the Sun. By J. Norman Lockyer, F.B.S. 



The Sewage of Manufacturing Towns. By W. T. M<^GovrEN. 



The subject one of greatest difficult^' in the management of large manufacturing 

 towns ; importance of having it considered before the Association. 



Sketch of the stages by which the question has attained its present magnitude. 

 Absurd position of local authorities consequent on conflicting decisions to which they 

 are exposed. 



Endeavours on the part of Government to arrive at satisfactory result by means 

 of Commissions ; their result. 



Proceedings of Government by bill in the Commons ; review of the measure ; 

 renewed bill in the Lords ; review thereof. Result of both bills. 



Retiu-n by Local Government Board as to steps taken in towns to deal with 

 sewage. Review of the document. 



Measures adopted by the Bradford Coi-poration for defecating their sewage. 

 However successful, will be comparativel}' inappreciable as affecting the state of the 

 Aire and Calder. 



Combined efforts of Bradford and neighbouring Corporations to deal with those 

 rivers on a broad and liberal principle by means of an elective Conservancy Board 

 for the rivers, and by means of the Local Authority in every district of the Water- 

 shed ; subject to appeal to the Local Government Board. Defeat of the measure, 

 though supported by the Government recommendation that the leading feature of 

 that scheme be adopted as the basis of general legislation. 



Difficulty of establishing sewage-farms in this and similar districts. 



Possibility of failure of all remedies j'et tried. Outline of scheme for such an 

 emergency. 



On the Valuation of Commercial Crude Anthracene. 

 By Dr. Paul and A. D. Cownley, F.C.S. 



On several Homologues of Oxaluric Acid. By W. H. Pike. 



The anhydrides of the dibasic acids add themselves to urea, and]to sulpho- 

 carbamide to form acids which are homologous with oxaluric acid. Thus, by 

 heating a mixture of succinic anhydride and urea in the proportion of their mole- 

 cular weights to 130° C, the succino-carbaminic acid is produced, as expressed 

 by the equation 



CH,— CO /NH, CH„— CO— NH— CO— NH, 



I >o+c(5 = I 



CH,-CO \NH, CIL-COOH. 



This acid, crystallized from water, forms pearly scales which fuse at 203-204° C. 

 It is insoluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and bisulphide of carbon, but soluble 

 in glacial acetic acid and boiling water, as also in concenti'ated sulphuric acid. 

 The salts of the alkalies and alkaline earths are easily soluble ; those of lead and 

 silver form white precipitates. 



If sulpho-carbamide be substituted for urea in the above reaction, the succino- 

 sulphocarbaminic acid is formed. This acid resembles the preceding in all its 

 propei-ties. It forms a crystalline powder, which fuses at 210-5-211° C, Its 

 formula is 



CH,— CO— NH— CO— NH, 



I 

 CH,— COOH 



Citraconic anhvdride does not combine with urea ; carbonic acid is liberated and 

 1873. ' • 5 ' 



