78 REPORT— 1873. 



Asterias asjjerula, A. sinnosissima, Helianthaster rhenamis) from the DeTonian of 

 Bundenbach bei Birkenfeld *. 



Prof. Morris informs me he has no knowledge of any other species from these 

 beds. 



Fifteen genera and fifty species of Starfishes have been recorded from the Silurian. 

 Of these various forms the Helianthaster rhenanus, Birkenfeld Devonian, and the 

 Lepidaster Grai/i, from the Wenlock Limestone, Dudley, offer the nearest analogy 

 with the fossil Starfish found by Mr. Champeruowue in South Devon. All three 

 forms belong to the family of the Sulasteria, or many-rayed sun stars. 



Bearing in mind that the Asteriadse were preceded in point of time, as also in 

 point of development by the Crinoidea, the discovery of so many additional forms 

 of Palajozoic Starfishes, shows us how far we are from the beginning of this 

 group in time. 



Only lately Dr. Hemy Hicks, F.G.S., has discovered a new Crinoid in the Lower 

 Cambrian Rocks of St. David's, carrying back the class to an extremely di.stant 

 point in palasozoic time. 



On (lie Oeology of part of Craven, By J. E. Daktns, M.A. 



The type of millstone-grit prevalent in Derbyshire undergoes considerable 

 changes north of Bradfield ; the second grit becomes merely a basement-bed to 

 the Kough liock ; the third grit loses its massive character ; and other beds of 

 sandstone begin to show themselves in the shales overlying the Kinder-Scout 

 grit. 



In the valleys of the Colne and Calder there are four separate sandstones be- 

 tween tlie Rough Rock and the Kinder-Scout grit. 



In the basin of the Aire the series consists in descending order : — first, of the 

 Rough Rock, which maintains its usual marked character throughout ; secondly, 

 of a very variable basement-bed to the last, consisting, when well developed, of 

 valuable fiagstoues. These are extensively quarried at Nab, above Oxenhope Moor, 

 and also in an outlier at the Penistone quarries near Ilaworth. Below tbis bed 

 comes a series of A'ariable sandstones and shales. There may be in places as many 

 ag fifteen or sixteen distinct sandstones between the basement of the Rough Rock 

 and the Kinder-Scout grit. 



But this set of beds may conveniently be divided into two by means of a conspi- 

 cuous grit, which is continuous with the third grit of Lancashire. This grit forms 

 the bold escarpment of HaUan hiU and Earl crag. We may conveniently speak 

 of it as the middle grit. It generally has three grits between it and the base of 

 the Rough Rock ; and these fom- beds are presumably the four gi-its of the Calder 

 and Colne valleys. 



The general run of the rocks in the basin of the Aire is as follows : — The Rough 

 Rock runs in a nearly unbroken manner from the latitude of Penistone, and enters 

 the basin of the Aire above Oxenhope Moor : its basement flags form the Nab 

 escarpment. A large fault, crossing 1 horn ton Moor in W.N.W. direction, throws 

 down the Coal-measures of Denholme on the north, fi'om beneath which the 

 Rough Rock rises to form Black and Brow moors. Another W.N.W. fault throws 

 the beds up again near CuUingworth, so that Harden Moor, between Bingley and 

 Keighley, consists of an outlier of Rough Rock, while various members of the 

 third grit series form the flanks of the hill. West of the river Worth a dip slope 

 of Rough Rock forms Keighley Moor ; but at Exley Head another W.N.W. fault 

 throws up the beds to the north, so that an outlier of Rough Rock forms the hiU 

 on which is situated Keighley Tarn. Going N.W. from the tam one passes suc- 

 cessively over the various members of the third grit series. The middle grit, 

 clearly marked by its massive character, rims down to the valley south of Hawk- 

 clift' cottage ; it ascends on the north side of the Aire, somewhat broken by faults, 

 and forms Brunthwaite and White crags, and the escarpment of Addingham Moor, 

 It is this rock which forms the Brimham rocks near Pateley Bridge. Below the 



* Palseontographiea, Ed. ix. (1862-64) pp. 143-152, pis. 23-29. 



