TRANSACTIONS OP THE SECTIONS. 79 



middle o;i'it there is no conspicuous rock south of the Aire ; but north of that river 

 several heds of sandstone appear, one of which becomes important further north 

 as the hard siliceous " homestone " grit with gaunister, which forms the top of 

 Great Whernside. The Kinder-Scout grit is brought in south of the Aire by a 

 W.N.W. fault containing galena. North of the Aire it rises up regularly from 

 beneath tlie overlying beds at Kildwick. Near Cononley the beds are repeated 

 by a N.E. fault throwing down on the N.W. The Kinder-Scout grit is imme- 

 diately underlain by a variable set of sandstones with shale partings, usually called 

 Yoredale grit. Below these are found, at Skipton, shales and limestones. The 

 strike of the beds hitherto described is N.E. and S. W. ; but about the latitude of 

 Skipton the strike changes to E. and W., with a dip of 20° to the south along 

 Skipton Moor. The whole coimtry, in fact, between the latitudes of Skipton and 

 Grassington has been much disturbed and thrown into a series of east and west 

 rolls. Thus a strong anticlinal ranges up the Skibeden valley from Skipton to 

 Bolton Ab'oeJ^ A mass of moimtain-limestone, forming Haw Park, is thus brought 

 up in the Skibeden valley between two ranges of miUstone-giit hills, viz. the 

 Skipton Moor and Embsay Moor. The mountain-limestone here is a dark thin- 

 bedded limestone. It is much quarried for road material at Haw Bank and at 

 Thornton. The beds are much contorted along the south side of Skibeden. Two 

 limestones are seen on the north side above the mountain-limestone. On the south 

 side of the Skibeden anticlinal the Kinder-Scout grit strikes E. and W. along Skip- 

 ton and Draughton moors, and descends to the Wharfe north of Addingham. The 

 southerly dip carries it up the slope of Langbar Moor, its base running below 

 Beamsley Beacon ; it then plunges down northward to Kex beck, where the beds 

 bend up again and rise northward to Hazlewood Moor and Bolton Park : here the 

 beds bend over northward and recross the Wharfe below Laund House. South of 

 this, as far as Bolton Abbey, limestones and shales of the Yoredale series are seen 

 along the river. These beds are cut off opposite Bolton Abbey by a N.E. fault 

 bringing in the upper beds. The Yoredale grits run along the slopes of Skipton 

 Moor to Fairfield Hall, and east of the Wharfe are found about Beamsley and 

 Stoniths. They have not been everywhere identified north of Skibeden. A set 

 of bold crags marks the escai-pment of the Kinder-Scout grit along Halton and 

 Embsay moors, Rilstone, Burusall, and Thorpe fells. Beneath the western escarp- 

 ment of the Kinder-Scout grit the Yoredale gi-it is found, forming at intervals 

 promontories on the side of the fell. It has not been traced further east than the 

 northern extremity of BurnsaU Fell. The Kinder-Scout grits lie in the shape of 

 a synclinal trough dipping east, and thus occupy the whole extent of Burnsall Fell 

 and Barden and Embsay moors. On the east of the Wharfe these grits rise up in 

 a sort of broken dome, with a quaquaversal dip to form the summit of Barden Fell 

 marked by the crags of Simon's Seat, near which some pot-holes indicate the pre- 

 sence of limestone at no great depth. In Howgill and in Fell Plantation the beds 

 are dipping steeply to the N.W. into the valley ; but north of SkjTeholme beck 

 they dip steeply to the S.E., underlain by shales, from beneath which massive 

 white scar limestone rises regularly with a similar strike, as far as the Ordnance 

 Station, 1350 feet above sea-level, where the beds are cut off by the Craven fault. 

 The position of this fault is also shown by the abrupt termination of Fancarl crags, 

 and by distm-bance of beds at Thruskell Well, Hebden, and by disturbed beds on 

 the banks of Wharfe near Lyth House ; thence the fault runs b}' Skirethorns to 

 the cliffs which mark the line of the fault from Malham to Settle. East of the 

 river Dibb we have north of the Craven fault massive white limestone dipping 

 north at 19°, closely overlain by the grits of Grimwith Fell, the upper part of the 

 limestone containing a band of mixed shales, limestones, and calcai'eous sandstones. 

 Between the Dibb and Grassington the miUstone-grits seem to be separated from 

 the limestone by a great thickness of shales, with but poor limestone bands. At 

 Grassington the limestones swell out ; and, with the exception of a band of hard 

 sandstones (the Dirt-Pot grits), there is solid limestone from the grits of Gras- 

 sington Moor to the Wharfe. Northwards the limestone gradually breaks up, and 

 finally takes on the Yoredale type. 



