90 KEPOHT— 1873. 



and tlie fault we have measures as high as the Crow coal, the coals above the 

 Elland Flagstone putting in a little way west of the fault. This area is broken up 

 by a number of smaller faults. The Bailiff-Bridge fault begins at Clifton Common, 

 increases to 62 yards at Norwood Green, and to 150 or 200 yards at Denholme 

 Clough. 



On the north-east side of the Bailiff-Uridge fault and south of the Bradford 

 southerly and Harper-Gate faults to the river Calder, there is a tract of country 

 which is crossed by a number of large faults running nearly north-east and south- 

 west and north-west and south-east, and a set of smaller faults the direction of which 

 is approximately east and west. Between the Bradford southerly and Tong faults 

 and one of these north-east and south-west faults, viz. the Birkenshaw fault, uU the 

 beds crop out from the Better-bed to the Middleton Main coal which caps the top 

 of Westgate Hill. On the downcast or south-east side of this fiiult we have mea- 

 sures up to the base of the Thornhill rock ; and this is again thrown down on the 

 south-east by the Bruntclifte fault, the amount of throw being about 80 yards ; and 

 the Haigh-Moor coal is brought in at Soothill by the Upper-Batley fixult, but is 

 thrown out again at Hanging Heaton on the upcast side of the Staincliffe fault, once 

 more occurring over the Thornhill rock at Pildacre Hill east of Hewsbury. 



On the north side of the Bradford southerly and Harper-Gate faults, the countiy 

 is also intersected by many faults, which would require too much space to describe 

 in any detail ; but between these faults and the top line of the Upper Grit from 

 Wilsden to Thacldey we liave the beds from the Better-bed coal to the Halifax 

 Soft coal, while measures nearly as high as the Shortclitfe bed occm* in the trian- 

 gular space between the Egypt, Fairweather-Green and Leventhorpe-Mill faults, 

 and in the trough between the Bradford northerly and the Throstle-nest faults, ex- 

 tending from Chellou Dean to Fagiey. 



The Upper Grit, rising from under the northern edge of the Coal-measures, 

 stretches away over the high ground to Yeadon and Rumbles moors, surmounted 

 at Baildon Common and Rawdon by outliers of the Lower Coal-measures, wliile the 

 Middle Grits, consisting of alternating bands of sandstone and shale, run along the 

 lower slopes of the valleys. 



The outlier at Baildon contains beds up to the base of the flagstone group, which 

 lie in regular succession over the Rough rock at Baildon Bank, and are brought 

 against the grit on the north by the continuation of the Row faiUt. 



The Rawdon outlier is connected with the main portion of the coal-field by the 

 extension to the north-east of the belt between the Bradford northerly and southerly 

 faults, the beds cropping out on the east and west sides of this belt above the Upper 

 Grit, and bounded on the north by a fault running westward through Rawdon 

 Common. 



The Middle Grits rise to the surface north of Yeadon and Rumbles moors, form 

 the magnificent escarpnient from Addingham Crag by Ilkley Crags and Otley 

 Chevin to Bramhope Bank, giving a grandeur to this portion of the Wharfe valley 

 which, in scenery of this kind, is hardly to be surpassed. 



Boidder-heds. — These deposits consist of Boulder-clay and gravels — the gravels 

 being of two kinds, those found on the high grounds, and those found in the 

 valleys — together with a stiffish clay containing fragments of local stones and which 

 is probably lacustrine in its origin. 



The Boulder-clay is composed of blackish, bluish, and yellowish clay containing 

 fragments and blocks of sandstone, grit, limestone, and shale, the blocks of limestone 

 being in many cases scratched, polished, and angular, though in other cases they 

 are well rounded as well as striated ; but it is hardly possible to separate the one 

 from the other. The drift in the Aire basin contains no fragments which may not 

 have come from the rocks within the watershed — with one exception so far as the 

 author is aware ; and that is in the valley at and just south of Bradford, where he 

 found a few pebbles of trap and ash rock as far up towards the watershed between 

 the Aire and Calder as Rooley and Great Horton, and one block of coarse granite 

 out of the drift clay on the east side of Bowling Lane between Bowling House and 

 The Oaks. 



The normal condition of the Boulder-clay in the valleys of the Aire and Wharfe 

 being as previously described, would lead us to infer that it has been formed by 



