TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 127 



The homologous parts were pointed out in the braius of the rat, guiueapig, 

 rabbit, cat, dog, jackal, and monke}', and indicated in the human brain according to 

 the convolutional homology existing between it and the simian brain. 



In particular the complex movements of the hands and feet were described, 

 and the situation of the centres of these yaiious movements definitely localized. 

 In addition to these centres for movements, which the author described as 

 evidently volitional, purposive, or expressive, other regions of the brain, the 

 posterior, were pointed out as probably the cerebral centres in connexion with some 

 of the special senses, such as sight, hearing, and smeU. On the same plan as before, 

 the homologous parts and convolutions were indicated in the human brain. 



Certain anterior regions at the frontal exti'emity of the cerebral hemispheres in 

 the monkey, and also the posterior or occipital lobes of the monlcey's brain, yielded 

 no results which could yet be laid hold of. 



A comparison was instituted between the corresponding parts in the brains of 

 the lower animals and of man, and some speculations were oft'ered as to the sig- 

 nification of the development of these parts in their relation to intelligence. 



Several facts in relation to combined expressional movements, such as the mouth 

 and hand, were sho^vn to be dependent on the close cerebral relation of the centres for 

 these movements, with powerful stimulation, one gradually radiating into the other. 



The key to the psychological aspect of the facts presented by the experiment was 

 indicated to be the condition of aphasia, which is usually found associated with 

 disease of the posterior part of the inferior frontal convolution on the left side. 



This region Dr. Ferrier showed, in the brain of the monkey, to be that part which 

 governed the movements concerned in articulation ; and the homology was also 

 pointed out in the brains of the cat, dog, jackal, and other animals. Stimulation 

 of this region in cats and dogs frequently elicited vocal speech in the form of 

 memng and barkiiig ; and it Avas the homologue of this part in the brain of man, 

 disease of which was followed by the loss of articulate speech and the memory 

 of words. 



The two hemispheres of the brain, however, were shown to be symmetrical ; and, 

 in regard to the mouth, the action of the brain was also bilateral, and not, as usually 

 the case, crossed and unilateral. 



The explanation adopted was that the loss of the power of voluntarily recalling 

 words was due to the fact of the left hemisphere being the leading side, just as in 

 most people the right hand is most commonly used. The loss of speech was there- 

 fore due to the inability of the other side of the brain all at once to get at the 

 proper word, even though they existed, as shown by the fact that the individual 

 can recognize the word when mentioned. 



The results of experiments on the hemispheres and optic lobes of fishes, frogs, 

 and birds were also alluded to, but not entered into fully. The corpora striata were 

 shown to be motor, and the optic thalami evidently sensory. 



Curious etfects were described as resulting m rritation of the corpora 

 cj^uadrigemina. 



The cerebellum wa.s shown to have a function not hitherto allotted to it, viz. the 

 coordination of the ocular muscles. In the rabbit the various lobules were 

 described as moving the eyes in different directions ; and similiu' experiments 

 with similar results had been obtained in the case of cats, dogs, and monkeys. 



The relation of the cerebellum as an oculo-motorial and general equilibrium 

 coordinating centre was slightly discussed, and their mutual interdependence 

 indicated. 



These latter subjects, however, are imder investigation, as well as many other 

 points in connexion with the ceretiral hemispheres, and therefore the author con- 

 tented himself with only a general sketch of the results. 



Heart and Brain. By J. Milxee Eothergiil, M.D., M.B.C.P. 



The qualities of endurance are rather cardiac than cerebral. Ability and deter- 

 mination bear no relation to eacli other ; but the expressions " faint-hearted " and 

 " stout-hearted " fall in with some of our most modern physiological views. When 

 the blood-pressure on the brain is too great and the roots of the vagus (the restraining 



