134. REPORT— 1873. 



On the Diverticulum oftlie Small Intestine in Man, considered as aBudimentary 

 /Structure. By Professor C. A. Struthers. 



On the Development of the Armadillo''s Teeth, By C. S. Tomes. 



Notes on the Anatomy and Physiology of the Indian Elejphant. 

 By Dr. Morrison Watson. 



[Printed in exfenso in tho 'Journal of Anatomy and Physiology' for Nov, 1873.] 



Anthropoloot. 



Address to the Department of Anthropology. 

 By John Beddoe, M.D., F.R.S, 



The position of Anthropologj' in the British Association, as a pennanent depart- 

 ment of the Section of Biology, being- now fully assured, and its relations to the 

 allied and contributory sciences beginning to be well understood and acknowledged, 

 1 have not thought it necessary, in opening: the business of the department, to 

 follow the example of my predecessors. Professor Turner and Colonel Lane Fox. 

 The former of tliese gentlemen, at our Edinburgh Meeting, devoted his opening 

 address to the definition, history, and boundaries of our science ; the latter, at 

 Brighton, in the elaborate essay which many of you must Imve listened to, not 

 only discussed its relations to other sciences, but gave an illustrative survey of a 

 great portion of its field and of several of its problems. 



But while, on the one hand, I feel myself incompetent to follow these prece- 

 dents with success, on the other I am encouraged to take a difii^reut line by the 

 consideration that if, as we are fond of saying in this department, " the proper 

 study of mankind is man" — if, that is, anthropology ought to interest every body, 

 then assuredly the anthropology of Yorkshire ought to interest a Yorkshire 

 audience. 



Large as the county is, and sharply marked oft" into districts by striking 

 diversities of geological structure, of climate, and of surface, there is an approach 

 to unity in its political and ethnological history which could scarcely have been 

 looked for. Nevertheless we must bear in mind the threefold division of the 

 shire— not that into ridings, but that pointed out by nature. We have, first, the 

 western third, the region of Carboniferous limestone and Millstone-grit, of narrow 

 valleys and cold rainy moorlands ; secondly, the great plain of York, the region, 

 roughly speaking, of the Trias, monotonously fertile, and having no natural 

 defence except its numerous rivers, which, indeed, have sometimes served rather as 

 a gateway to the invader than as a bulwark against him ; to this plain Ilolderness 

 and the Vale of Pickering may be regarded as eastern adjuncts. Thirdly, we have 

 the elevated region of the east, in the two very dissimilar divisions of'the moor- 

 lands and the wolds ; these are the most important parts of Yorkshire to the 

 prehistoric archajologist, but to the modern ethnologist they are comparatively of 

 little interest. 



The relics of the palssolltliic period, so abundant in the south of England, are, 

 I believe, almost wholly wanting in Yorkshire, where archasology begins with 

 the neolithic age, and owes its foundations to Canon Greenwell of Durham, Mr. 

 Mortinier of Drifileld, Mr. Atkinson of Danby, and their predecessors in the ex- 

 ploration of the barrows of Cleveland and the Wolds, whose results figure largely 

 m the ' Crania Britannica ' of Davis and Thuruam, themselves, by the way, both 

 \atives of the city of York. 



The earliest inhabitants we can distinctly recognize were the builders of certain 



