146 . REPORT— 1873. 



and Semitic origin of the Samoans and Eastern Pacific Islanders generally, the 

 author has no doubt. 



The instruments produced were not from the cave, but were actually used by 

 the present or last generation. The author pointed to a remarkable oval sling-stone 

 of stalagmite limestone, to the axes of jade, basalt, and greenstone, to the hafted 

 axes of basalt, as illustrating by recent examples the history of the extinct stone 

 age of Europe. 



On tlie Passage of Eastern Civilization across the Pacific, 

 By J. Paek Haeeison, M.A. 



The fact that a drift-current from the west deposits wood and other light mate- 

 rials upon the shores of Easter Island, and then, turning northwards, joins the 

 Chilean stream in its course towards the equator, goes far to support the tradi- 

 tions of the Eastern islanders, as well as the inhabitants of the coast of Quito, that 

 strangers arrived amongst them many centuries ago from the west. The author 

 mentioned that there is a tall race, with marked aquiline features, who formerly 

 followed sun-worship and artificially elongated the lobes of the ears, that can bo 

 traced across the Pacific in two directions — one through the islands of Sancta Crux 

 to California, the other through the Tonga Islands, Oparo, and Easter Island to 

 Peru. Numerous distinctive analogues along both routes appear to connect the 

 people alluded to with our east. Both in stature and profile they differed from the 

 races with which they mingled, and became more or less amalgamated. 



On a hitherto undescrihed Neolithic Implement. 

 By J. SiNCLAiE HoLDEN, M.D., F.G.S., M.A.L 



This implement is a flint saw, which seems peculiar to the primitive dwellers 

 of the Glens of Antrim in the later stone period. It has been found in several 

 dolmens by the Earl of Antrim and the writer. That it is rare and local is con- 

 firmed by its absence from the stone-implement collections in our museums, and 

 its also not being mentioned by Mr. Stevens, Mr. Evans, and other writers on this 

 subject. It is formed from a flat flint flake by chipping a curved portion out of 

 its thin margin, the edge of which is bevelled and finely serrated. When held in 

 the hand and semirotated, it would be an excellent tool for sawing notches in a 

 round stick or bone, and may have been thus used to notch arrow-shafts in order 

 to securely tie on the barbs, and would also serve for marking tallies. 



Being found so purely local puts aside the suggestion of it having been used for 

 any religious rite. It is much too delicate to have been employed as a scraper, 

 and the manner in which old ones are -worn and fractured negatives this opinion. 

 Though very imlike every flint saw hitherto met with and described, this genuine 

 implement seems to admit of no other designation. 



A true Cerebral Theory necessary to Anthropology *. 

 By J. Kaines, D.Sc, M.A., Tr. L.A.S. 



Dr. Kaines began his paper by stating that anthropology, the science of mankind, 

 cannot be more than instituted as a science while physiology, or the science of 

 individual life, is incomplete. To render human and comparative physiology com- 

 plete, cerebral physiology must acquii-e positivity. 



Further, the aim of the author was to show that phrenology was the only cle 

 facto science of mind, it being based on physiology ; while certain pseudo-sciences 

 of niind, based on theological and metaphysical data, were unscientific. Dr. Kaines 

 briefly reviewed the labours of Gall and others who had founded and established 

 organology, and asked why it was that the science of cerebral physiology had fallen 

 into apparent disrepute. He went on to show in what way the strength and weak- 

 ness of the system were regarded by eminent thinkers and physiologists, such as 



* The above paper is printed in extenso in ' Anthropologia,' No. II. 



