196 KEPORT — 1873. 



wliich the system of " mixed education " could be best tried, as the parents 

 could then daily watcli the effect it had upon the character and behaviour of their 

 children. 



In conclusion, Mrs. King said, ''The plan of home, domestic and social, life 

 I have endeavoured in this paper to explain is a wide one, one which, if car- 

 ried out, would result in many wide reforms — in the emancipation of a class, 

 in organizing- the whole range of female domestic labour, in founding schools 

 for technical education in the newly organized profession, in producing tenfold 

 more order, ease, and comfort in home-life, in reducing the cost of living, in 

 opening a tield of honourable employment to women of all classes, in offering 

 the best means for the care and education of children, and, lastlj', showing a 

 remedy leading to the greater purity and elevation of our social intercourse. 

 And however 1 may have failed in workiug out the details of my plan, it is one 

 well worth our earnest consideration and attention." 



Oil tJic Effect of the Increase of Prices of certain Necessaries of Life on the 

 Cost of Living/, and its Relation to the Rates of Wages and Salaries. By 

 Professor Leone Levi. 



On the E'.vnomic Use of Endowments. By J. M. D. Meiklejohn, M.A. 



On Capital and Labour. By W. Morris. 



On the Bradford Building Trades. By Archibald Neill. 



The building-stone trade of Bradford and district is considerable in extent, there 

 being about fiOOO men engaged in stone-getting and dressing in the quarries in the 

 locality. The produce is about 450,000 tons per annum, and something like 

 £050,000 in value. The men have no trades' union, but have as short hours as, 

 and are better paid than, the workmen employed in the building-trade who have 

 trades' unions. They have seldom much difliciilty in obtaining an advance of wages 

 or other requests, as they are guided by the state of the trade. When they see a 

 good demand for the stone they understand that to be their opportunity, and each 

 set of workmen asks their employer or master for an advance of wages, shorter hours 

 of labour, or other advantages ; and they have so timed their applications that the 

 quarry masters have found it possible to comply with them, and that without injury 

 to the trade ; for although these men have shorter hours and are better paid than 

 any other men similarly employed in any part of this country, yet the stone found 

 in this district, being highly appreciated and much used, the trade has improved 

 notwithstanding the repeated advances made to the workmen. As a large propor- 

 tion of the stone (fully one half) is sent off by rail or water to London, Manchester, 

 Liverpool, Birmingham, and other places equally distant from Bradford, the in- 

 crease of wages to the workmen in this trade is all to the advantage of the Bradford 

 district, and will be so until the high wages modify or destroy the demand for 

 the stone. The stone in this neighbourhood is of the sandstone order, but of 

 various qualities. There is the ordinary coarse sandstone, known to engineers as 

 the Bramley Fall, and the white beds of Calverley, and the finer qualities of ashlar, 

 such as Clitf AVood, Bolton Wood, Wrose Hill, and Idle, of which most of our large 

 warehouses are built. When these stones are used in buildings set on their natural 

 bed, they will last for ages. The delfstone or fine riving sandstone is also found 

 in great abundance, in layers from 1 inch to 30 inches in thickness, and in large posts 

 or slabs. These can be split into a variety of thicknesses, according to the natural 

 vents or beds of the stone. When split in this way the bed is true, and flags, 

 landings, steps, or other flat stones are obtained with little labour ; and if worked 

 while fresh, the labour is easily executed ; but when dry, it becomes hard and 

 difhcult to work with hammer and chisel. A great number of the men employed 



