TABLE 142. — EXPANSION OF THE ELEMENTS (continued) 147 



p ar t 2. — Coefficients of linear 11 thermal expansion of chemical elements (crystals) 



Coeffiicent of linear 



Temperature thermal expansion 



or per °C 



temperature / A ■ 1 



range Parallel to Perpendicular 



Element °C axis to axis Authority 



Antimony -215 to +20 16.0xl0- 9 7.0x10-° 6,7,19,84 



+ 15 to 25 15.6 



to 100 16.8 



20 to 200 ... 8.4 



20 to 400 ... 8.1 



Arsenic 30 to 75 3.2 to 6.8 ... 62 



Beryllium -150 1.6 2.8 19,85 



+ 10 8.6 11.7 



18 to 220 10.4 15.0 



18 to 454 13.1 15.7 



Bismuth -140 15.9 10.5 19,86,87 



+ 30 16.2 11.6 



20 to 260 16.5 



20 to 240 ... 12.0 



Cadmium -190 to 18 48.2 18.5 13,88,89,90 



+ 20 to 100 50.4 18.9 



Carbon 



Graphite -195 to ... 4.8 19,91,92 



to 40 ... 6.6 



to 500 17.2 1.3 



to 1000 18.8 1.8 



to 1500 20.7 2.0 



to 2300 23.1 2.4 



20 to 870 26.7 



Cobalt 33 to 100 16.1 12.6 89 



Indium - 17 to 9 56. 13. 93 



+ 23 to 87 45.0 11.7 94 



Magnesium 20 to 100 26.4 25.6 95 



20 to 200 27.7 26.6 



Mercury -190 to -160 42.6 33.4 96,97 



-188 to -79 47.0 37.5 



-120 49.6 37.5 



Osmium +50 5.8 4.0 98 



250 6.6 4.6 



500 8.3 5.8 



Rhenium 20 to 1917 12.4 4.7 99 



Ruthenium 50 8.8 5.9 98 



250 9.8 6.4 



550 11.7 7.6 



Selenium 15 to 55 -17.9 ... 100 



20 to 60 ... 74.1 



Tellurium 20 - 1.6 27.2 100,101 



20 to 60 - 1.7 27.0 



Thallium 32 to 91 +72. 9. 94 



Tin -195 to 20 25.9 14.1 19,94,102 



0to20 29.0 15.8 



+ 14 to 25 32.2 16.8 



34 to 194 45.8 25.7 



Zinc -.190 to 18 49.5 11.3 13,32,88,103,104 



+ 20 to 100 64.0 14.1 



to 250 56. 15. 



20 to 400 59. 16. 



Zirconium to 100 4. 13. 89,105 



If If there is random orientation of the crystals in a polycrystalline element such as antimony or cadmium, the 

 coefficient of linear expansion of the polycrystalline element may be computed from the following equation: 



= ]- (all +2a±) 



where all is the coefficient of linear expansion of the crystal parallel to its axis, and aj_ is the coefficient of 

 linear expansion of the crystal in the direction perpendicular to its axis. (See Part 1 for determined coefficients 

 of linear expansion of polycrystalline elements.) 



(continued) 



SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES 



