TABLE 176.— NONFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS FOR CRYOSTATS 



183 



Liquid CCU CHCU 4* GH.Br 32 39* No. 40 



Freezing point .... °C -23 -63 -81 -119 -139 -145 -150± 

 Compositions : * No. 4 ; CC1«, 49.4% ; CHC1 3 , 50.6%. 



No. 32; CHCU, 19.7%; GH.Br, 44.9%; GH 2 C1 2 , 13.8%; GHCU, 



21.6%. 

 No 39; CHCh, 14.5%; GH 5 Br, 33.4%; GH 2 C1 2 , 10.4%; C 2 HC1 3) 



16.4% ; CH 2 C1 2 , 25.3%. 

 No. 40 ; CHCU 17.9% ; C.H.C1, 9.3% ; GH.Br, 40.7% ; GH 2 C1 2 , 12.5% ; 

 C 2 HC1 3 , 19.6%. 



Viscosities in GH 5 Br 



centipoises : No. 32 



No. 34 



No. 40 



* Because of volatility and oxidation of some, these liquids should be kept in well-stoppered bottles 

 when not in use. 



TABLE 177.— DATA ON EXPLOSIVES 



Calculated 

 tempera- 

 ture 

 Vol. gas Coeffi- Coeffi- QIC 



per g in Calories cient cient C, sp. ht. 



cm 8 per = QV GP gases 



Explosive -V g = Q -*■ 1000 =1 = .24 



Gunpowder 280 738 207 1 2240° C 



Nitroglycerine 741 1652 1224 6 6880 



Nitrocellulose, 13% N 2 923 931 859 4.3 3876 



Cordite, Mk. I. (NG, 57; NC, 38; Vaseline, 5). 871 1242 1082 5.2 5175 



Cordite, MD (NG, 30; NC, 65; Vaseline, 5).. 888 1031 915 4.4 4225 



Ballistite (NG, 50; NC, 50; Stabilizer, 5).... 817 1349 1102 5.3 5621 



Picric acid (Lyddite) 877 810 710 3.4 3375 



Shattering power of explosive = vol. gas per g x cals/g x V d x density where V \ is the velocity of 

 detonation. 



Trinitrotoluene: V d = 7000 m/sec. Shattering effect = .87 picric acid. 



Amatol (ammonium nitrate + trinitrotoluene, TNT): V A = 4500 m/sec. 



Ammonal (ammonium nitrate, TNT, Al) : 1578 cal/g; 682 cm' gas; V d = 4000 m/sec. 



Sabulite (ammonium nitrate, 78, TNT 8, Ca silicide 14) : about same as ammonal. 



TABLE 178.— TIME OF HEATING FOR EXPLOSIVE DECOMPOSITION 



Temperature °C 170 180 190 200 220 Ignition temperature 



Time sec sec sec sec sec °C t °C} 



Black powder n n n n n 440 — 



Smokeless powder A.... 600 195 130 45 23 (% nn 



Smokeless powder B ... . 190 130 90 25 l° uu 



Celluloid pyroxylin .... 170 60 21 9 — — 



Collodion cotton 870 165 67 56 18 300 



Celluloid* 160 100 60 50 30 590 450 



Safety matches n 340 240 150 60 — — 



Parlor matches n n n 590 480 — — 



Cotton wool — — — — — 900 — 



n, failure to explode in twenty minutes. 



* The decomposition of nitrocellulose in celluloid commences at about 100° C; above that the heat of 

 decomposition may raise the mass to the ignition point if loss of heat is prevented. Above 170°, 

 decomposition occurs with explosive violence as with nitrocellulose. Rate of combustion is 5 to 10 times 

 that of poplar, pine, or paper of the same size and conditions. t Measured by contact with porcelain 



tube of given temperature. Average. t Measured by contact with molten lead. Average. 



SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES 



