TABLE 337.— LUBRICANTS 



335 



With very few exceptions present-day lubricants are petroleum products or blends of 

 petroleum products with various compounding or addition agents such as fatty oils, diversi- 

 fied types of soap, and in rare instances solid materials such as graphite. Addition agents 

 are more costly than petroleum derivatives ; hence they are used as sparingly as possible. 

 The addition agents are generally employed when conditions of use require greater "oili- 

 ness" (higher film strength) than is attainable with unblended petroleum oils. The latter 

 usually deteriorate more slowly in service than blended products, which is an advantage 

 supplementing that of low relative cost. There are a few jobs of lubrication for which 

 fatty oils have never been entirely supplanted, as for example the use of porpoise-jaw oil 

 in fine watches. 



Lubricants for Cutting Tools 130 



Various types of oils have been used as lubricants for cutting tools. These are fatty oils, kero- 

 sene, turpentine, mineral oils and various blends of these oils. Sulfur has been combined with 

 some of these oils to increase the film strength. Such mixtures and blends are furnished by the 

 various manufacturers under their trade names such as Pennex, Dortan, Fanox, and Kutwell by 

 the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey. 



Severity 



1 (greatest) 



3 



2 



3 



4 



4 



5 



7 



Type of operation 



Broaching, internal 



Tapping, plain 



Threading, pipe 



Threading, plain 



Gear shaving 



Gear cutting 



Drilling, deep 



Boring, multiple head 



High-speed, light- 

 feed, automatic 

 screw machines 



Turning; single- 

 point tool, form 

 tools 



130 Metals Handbook, 1948 ed., p. 69, American Society for Metals, Cleveland. 



Symbols: Dry = no cutting fluid, Em = soluble or emulsifiable oils and compounds, K = kerosene, L = lard oil, 

 ML =: mineral-lard oils, MO = mineral oils, Sulf — sulfurized oils. 



SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES 



