Table 154 (concluded) 

 ALBEDO OF VARIOUS SURFACES 



443 



Surface 



Type of 

 observation 



Desert, Mojave ta 



" , Death Valley ta 



Sand, wet tg 



Fields, dry plowed va 



" , green va 



" , " va 



" , wheat va 



" , unspecified va 



Grass, dry va 



" , high dry tg 



" , dry, no sun tg 



" , high fresh tg 



" , " wet tg 



" , wet, no sun tg 



" , " , sun tg 



Snow, fresh tg 



" , several days old, white, smooth tg 



" , fresh (highest value) tg 



" , old (lowest value) tg 



" , white field va 



Ice, sparse snow cover ta 



Clouds, stratus overcast, 0-500 feet thick ta 



" , " " , 500-1,000 feet thick ta 



" , " • " , 1,000-2,000 feet thick ta 



" , dense, opaque va 



" , " , nearly opaque va 



" , thin va 



" , stratus, 600-1,600 feet thick ta 



" , stratocumulus overcast ta 



" , altostratus, occasional breaks ta 



" , altostratus overcast ta 



" , cirrostratus and altostratus overcast ta 



" , cirrostratus overcast ta 



Albedo 



% 



24-28 

 25 

 9 



20-25 

 10-15 



3-6 



7 



5-10 



15-25 



31-33 



19-22 



26 



22 



14-26 



33-37 



81 

 70 

 87 

 46 



70-86 

 69 



5-63 

 31-75 

 59-84 

 55-78 

 44 



36-40 

 78 



56-81 

 17-36 

 39-59 

 49-64 

 44-50 



Observer 



M 

 M 

 A 



TH 

 TH 

 KH 

 KH 

 L 



TH 

 A 

 K 



A 

 A 

 K 

 K 



A 

 A 

 K 

 K 

 KH 

 M 



N 

 N 

 N 

 L 

 L 

 L 

 Al 

 F 

 F 

 F 

 F 

 F 



Whole earth 



Observers : 



From measurements on the bright and dark portions of the moon, Danjon 

 (reference D) has calculated the albedo of the earth in the visible portion 

 of the spectrum at 39 percent. Fritz (reference F) has extended the cal- 

 culation to include infrared and ultraviolet radiation, obtaining a total 

 albedo of the earth of 35 percent. Baur and Philipps (reference B) have 

 calculated the total albedo to be 41.5 percent. 



A — Angstrom, A., Geograf. Ann., vol. 7, p. 321, 1925. 

 Al— Aldrich, L. B, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 69, No. 10, 1919. 

 B — Baur, F., and Philipps, H., Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., vol. 42, p. 160. 

 D— Danjon, A., Ann. l'Obs. Strasbourg 3, No. 3, p. 139, 1936. 

 F— Fritz, S., Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc, vol. 29, p. 303, 1948; vol. 31, 



p. 251, 1950; Journ. Meteorol., vol. 6, p. 277. 1949. 

 K— Kalitin, N. N., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 58, p. 59, 1930. 

 KH— Kimball, H. H., and Hand, I. F, Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 58, p. 280, 



1930. 

 L — Luckiesh, M., Astrophys. Journ., vol. 49, p. 108, 1919. 

 M — MacDonald, T. H., private communication, 1949. 

 N — Neiburger, M., U. C. L. A., Dep. of Meteorol., Papers in Meteorol., 



No. 9, 1948; also Journ. Meteorol., vol. 6, p. 98, 1949. 

 TH — Tousey, R., and Hulburt, E. O., Journ. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 37, p. 78, 



1947. 



SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 



