l6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 8o 



or, to be more exact, recites to it the mantra of the Five Namaskaras, 

 whereby it is reborn as a deity, a chief of the Yaksas ; as such it is 

 called Sutanjana and lives in Candrodaya ("Moonrise") on the 

 white i\It. Sahga. Later, Jivaka is imprisoned by his enemies ; he calls 

 to mind Sutanjana, who immediately experiences a trembling which 

 brings Jivaka to his mind (cf. the heating or quaking of Indra's 

 throne when good men are in distress), and he hastens to the rescue. 

 He produces a great storm, and under cover of it carries off Jivaka 

 and takes him to his heavenly palace. Later, he bestows on Jivaka 

 three great spells (iiianfras) which bestow marvellous beauty, destroy 

 poison, and give the power of shape-shifting, and finally takes him 

 back to earth. There Jivaka erects and endows a temple and sets up 

 a statue in it. 



A detailed story of Yakkhas is given in the Mahdvaiiisa, cha]iters 

 IX, X. It may be summarized as follows : 



Prince Gamani had two attendants, Citta and Kalavela, respectively a herds- 

 man and a slave. He fell in love with the Princess Citta ; but it had been prophe- 

 sied that the latter's son would slay the Prince's uncles, who were then in power. 

 However, the Princess became enceinte, and the marriage was permitted ; but it 

 was decided that if a son should be born, he should be put to death, and mean- 

 while Citta and Kalavela were executed for their part in the affair. " They were 

 reborn as Yakkhas, and both kept guard over the child in the mother's womb." 

 The child, a son, was duly born, and was called Pandukabhaya ; he was ex- 

 changed with the new-born daughter of another woman, and thus brought up in 

 safety away from the court (cf. the story of the infant Krsna). When the 

 young prince was once in sudden danger, the two Yakkhas appeared to save him. 



Later on, Pandukabhaya captured a YakkhinI mare, described as valava- 

 rupa or valmrd-mukha, "mare-shaped" or " mare- faced " (cf. Assamukhl, 

 discussed below) ; her name was Cetiya, and she used to wander about the 

 Dhumarakkha mountain in the form of a mare, with a white body and red feet. 

 Pandukabhaya bored her nostrils and secured her with a rope ; she became his 

 adviser, and he rode her in battle. When at last established on the throne (in 

 .Anuradhapura), Pandukabhaya "settled the Yakkha Kalavela on the east side 

 of the city, the Yakkha Cittaraja at the lower end of the Abhaya tank. The 

 slave-woman who had helped him in time past (as foster-mother) and was 

 (now) reborn as (or of) a YakkhinI, the thankful (king) settled at the south 

 gate of the city. Within the royal precincts he housed the YakkhinI having the 

 face of a mare. Year by year he had sacrificial offerings made to them and to 

 other (Yakkhas) ; but on festival days he sat with Cittaraja beside him on a 

 seat of equal height, and having gods and men to dance before him, the king 



took his pleasure in joyous and merry wise With Cittaraja and Kalavela 



who were visible,' the prince enjoyed his good fortune, he that had those that 

 had become Yakkhas for friends." ^ 



' /. c, were represented by statues. 



" Alternativelv, "had Yakkhas and Bhutas for friends.' 



