NO. 7 



ACORIGINAL POPULATION' OF AMERICA MOONEV 



13 



i8s7-8. Smallpox swept whole Plains from Saskatchewan to Red River or 



further ; practically exterminated the Mandan. 

 i84<). Cholera in central Plains ; killed about one-fourth of the Pawnee. 

 18/O-1. Smallpox very destructive among Assiniboin, Blackfeet and Cree. 



Pl.\ins (Northern) 



1780 1907 



Arapaho 3,000 1.774 



Arikara 3,000 389 



Assiniboin 10,000 2.080 



Atsina 3, 000 553 



Blackfoot 15.000 4,560 



Cheyenne, etc 3, 500 3,35 1 



Crow 4,000 1,787 



Hidatsa, etc 2,500 468 



Iowa 1,200 339 



Kansa 3,ooo 196 



Kiowa 2,000 1,220 



Kiowa-Apache .... 300 156 



Mandan 3,6oo 263 



Missouri 1,000 Extinct 



Omaha 2,800 1.246 



Osage 6,200 2,156 



Oto 900 390 



Pawnee 10.000 644 



Ponca 800 845 



Sioux 25,000 28,060 



100,800 50,477 



Plains (Southern) 



1690 1907 



.\kokisa 500 Extinct 



Aranama 200 Extinct 



Bidai 500 Extinct 



Caddo (incl. Hasi- 



nai), etc 8,500 555 



Comanche 7,000 1,430 



Karankawa, etc. . . 2.800 Extinct 



Kichai 500 30 



Lipan 500 25 



Mescalero 700 466 



Coahuiltecan Tribes 15,000 Extinct 



Tonkawa, etc 1,600 45 



Wichita, etc 3,200 310 



41,000 



THE COLUMBIA REGION 



Under this heading we may inckide Washington, most of Oregon 

 excepting the southern part, north and central Idaho, and northwest 

 Montana; embracing all of the Sahshan, Chinookan, Shahaptian, 

 Lutuamian. north-central Athapascan and neighboring small stocks, 

 within the present United States but excluding the Shoshonean and 

 Shastan peoples. The population of this section was probably at its 

 highest about the year 1 780, when it may have numbered nearly 90.000 

 souls as against about 15,000 at present. About 1782-3 the whole region 

 was swept by the great smallpox epidemic which had started on the 

 Missouri a year earlier and extended from Lake Superior to the 

 Pacific and northward to Great Slave Lake (see Plains Region). 

 From all accounts it destroyed from one-third to one-half of the 

 Indians within its area. Lewis and Clark in 1806 noted its effects 

 at the Willamette mouth and on the coast, and it is apparent from 

 their statements that the tribes were still far from having recovered 



