l8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 8o 



1907 



Oregon, west — Continued 1780 



Amount brought forward 81,700 12.679 



Kalapooian 



Atfalati 



Calapooya 



Lakmiut 



Mary's River f- 3,000 49 



Santiam 



Yamhill 



Yonkalla 

 Shahaptian 



Wallawalla "I . . 



Umatilla | ^ ' ^'^"° ^'^ 



Tenino 



Tilquni (Warmspring) 



Tai-aq (Taigh, Upper Des Chute Wallawallas) 



Tukspush (Dockspus, John Day River) 



Waiam (Wayyampa, Lower Des Chutes Walla- 

 wallas) 

 Waiilatpuan 



Cayuse 500 405 ( ? ) 



Lutuamian 



Klamath 800 665 



Modoc (partly in California) 400 271 



Shasta (mainly in California, q. v.) .... 



- 1,400 750 (?) 



89.300 15,431 

 CALIFORNIA 



In treating California we include the border tribes, Shasta and 

 Yuma, but exclude as extra-limital the Modoc (Ore.), northeastern 

 border Paiute (Nev.), Chemehuevi and Yavapai (Ariz.). Through- 

 out most of California tribal organization was so loose, and the 

 bands so many and their names so little known, that it is almost 

 impossible to differentiate by tribes, and we are forced to deal with 

 linguistic stocks or territorial groups. The population cannot be 

 tabulated by tribes, but there can be no question that it was several 

 times larger than iif any other area north of Mexico and that the 

 destruction has been correspondingly greater. The period of dis- 

 turbance may be said to begin in 1769, the date of the beginning of 

 Spanish occupation and the establishment of the first mission. 



Estimates of the original population for the whole state have been 

 made by Powers (Tribes of California. Contr. N. Amer. Ethnol. 

 Ill, 1877), Merriam (Indian Population of California, Amer. An- 

 throp. (n. s.) VII, Oct. 1905), Kroeber ( Inds. of Calif., in Handbook 

 I, 1907) and S. A. Barrett (personal letter, Feb. 5, 1908). Powers. 



