NO. 7 ABORIGINAL POPULATION OF AMERICA MOONEY 23 



successful in shielding the natives from outrage, liquor, and other 

 destructive agencies so common elsewhere in the contact of the savage 

 with civilization. According to Rink, the Eskimo of the Danish dis- 

 tricts, during the eighteenth century — the colonizing period — seem to 

 have greatly decreased, then " for a long period " again increased, and 

 again since 1855 to his writing, in 1875, had remained almost sta- 

 tionary at between 9,400 and 9,700 souls. As those outside the Danish 

 district number about 800, there seems to have been an increase 



since then. 



1721 1907 



Eskimo 10,000 1 1,000 



EASTERN CANADA 



In this section we include Newfoundland, Labrador and the Ungava 

 district. Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, 

 Ontario north and east of the watershed of Lake Superior, Keewatin 

 east of the Severn River watershed and a small extension into western 

 New York, formerly a part of the Neutral Nation territory.' The 

 shores of Lake Superior, Rainy Lake, etc., held by the Ojibwa, are 

 treated in connection with the Central States (U. S.). 



Throughout a large part of this region tribal organization is so 

 loose and dialectic variation so slight, that it is impossible to make 

 close tribal distinctions. With the Monsoni, classed indifferently with 

 the Ojibwa or the Cree, we have included all the bands of the 

 Canadian Treaty No. 9 (1905-6) in southeastern Keewatin and 

 northern Ontario, together with those of southwestern Ungava. Under 

 Algonkin and Ottawa we include all the former and present bands 

 of the Ottawa and St. Maurice River basins, most of these being now- 

 resident in the United States under the name of Ottawa. Under 

 Montagnais and Nascapee we have included the bands thus officially 

 designated in eastern Quebec, including the Saguenay River and the 

 St. John Lake basin, together with those of the interior of Ungava. 

 The standing official estimate for Ungava district comprising all of 

 Labrador excepting the Atlantic coast strip, has been kept for some 

 years past at 5,060, with no differentiation of tribes, comprising, ac- 

 cording to Turner, Eskimo, Nascapee, ^Montagnais and Monsoni. The 

 proportion here made is therefore as arbitrary as the official estimate. 



* Since this paper was written the Ungava district has been incorporated in the 

 Province of Quebec, Ontario expanded toward the northwest, and Manitoba, 

 Saskatchewan, and Alberta extended northward to the 60th parallel of latitude. 

 Athabaska and Franklin districts have been effaced and Keewatin greatly 

 curtailed. — J. R. S. 



