ON THE CIRCULATION OF UNDERGROUND WATERS, 107 



yards. 



9. Clav and stones 8 



Sand 20 



Fine sandstone 18 



46 

 The other bore-hole went to a depth of 129 yards. 10. Probably. 12. The geology 

 of the solid strata around York is too much obscured by drift to be sure on this 

 point. 13. No. 14. No. 15. No. 



Kev. R. D. Owen. 

 1. In the centre of St. James's Sc^uare, Borobridge. 2. I believe about 30 ft. 

 3. 256 ft., diameter 4 in. bore-hole. 4. Before 17 ft; after 36 hours pumping a 

 reduction of 2 inches in the bore-pipe. 5. Number of gallons would depend on 

 the kind of pump used. Supply of water is supposed to be unlimited. 6. The 

 pump above is not yet in full work ; wells in this neighbourhood vary very little 

 at diilerent seasons of year. 7. Surface-water cut off to depth of 158 ft. from top 

 by iron (30 ft. 6 in.) anil copper (158 ft.) pipes. 8. Vide analysis already sent to you. 

 9. Soft red sand with boulders in it 28 ft. thick ; remainder New Red Sandstone, 

 with about 4 layers of red marl 3 to 4 in. thick. 10. Yes. 11, Yes. 12. No. 



13. No. 14. No. 15. No, 



Messrs. Brett, Sparringate, York. 

 1. My own. 2. 18 ft.* 3.80 ft. 4. 6 ft. from surface. 5. Constant flow 14-inch 

 pipe. 6. Not more than 2 ft. at any time. 7. Not at all ; not any communica- 

 tion. 8. Much peculiarity; analysis enclosed. 9. Clay, sand, white sand, at 70 ft., 

 at which depth a piece of oak was pulled up in good preservation ; 100 ft. iron- 

 stone and sand ; sand continued more or less to 130 ft. ; gravel, sand, and water, 

 came up pipe out of ironstone at ISO ft. 10. No. 11. Yes. 12. No. 13. No. 



14. Do not know. 15. Not to my knowledge. 



Dr. Gill, Bootham Asylum, late of the North Eiding Asylum, York. 

 1. North Riding Asylum, Clifton, York (north side of Asylum). 2. 40 ft. 

 3. There is no well ; bore-hole begins at sm-face ; depth of bore-hole 232 ft. 9 in. ; 

 diameter 12 in. at surface, narrows to 6 in. 4. 8 ft. from surface before pumping ; 

 after pumping 24 hom-s, at 7000 galls, an hour, water lowered 9 ft. from water-level. 

 5. 70,000 galls, have been pumped a day without altering the level of 17 ft. fi-om 

 surface. 6. 1 do not know. 7. I do not know. No sm-face-water can get into 

 the bore-hole, as it is tubed with an iron pipe nearly to the bottom. 8. The water 

 is an ordinary hard water ; contains only a small percentage of sulphate of lime, 

 but qidte an appreciable quantity of iron ; it is very drinkable. 9. 1st, 7 ft. of 

 sand ; 1 ft. of peat moss ; 13 ft. dense blue clay ; 23 ft. dense blue clay, containing 

 boulders, many of which are ice-worn ; 10 ft. red sand; 16 ft. soft red sandstone 

 (with layers of slate ?) ; 23 ft. white sandstone ; 25 ft. red sandstone, with layers 

 of red clay and soft slate ; 10 ft. white sandstone ; 6 in. red clay ; 20 ft. red sand- 

 stone ; 8 ft. white sandstone ; 1 ft. red clay ; 15 ft. white sandstone ; 3 ft. red sand- 

 stone ; 2 ft. white sandstone, containing large quantities of water; 11 ft. white 

 Fandstone ; 42 ft. red sandstone to well-bottom. 10. Yes. 11. Yes. 12. Not that 

 I know of. 13. No. 14. Not salt springs, but some iron springs much stronger 

 than this water has been found in boring in York. 15. Not that I know of; the 

 bore-hole, I hear, was discontinued on account of the large quantity of iron the 

 water contained. 



APPENDIX. 

 Abstract of Analysis of Waters from the New Red Sandstone given in the 6th 



Report of the Pi,oyal Commission of Inquiry into the Pollution of Rivers. 



(Table, p. 108.) 

 The numbers in the Table can be converted into grains per imperial gallon 

 by multiplying them by 7, and then moving the decimal point one place to 

 the left. The same operation transforms the hardness in the Tables into 

 degrees of hardness on Clark's scale. 



* This must probably mean 18 ft, above level of Elver Ouse. The well is about 30 ft, 

 ove sea-level. 



