TKANSACriONS OF THE SECTIONS. t>5 



On the Mountain Limestone of the West Coast of Sumatra. By Dr, T. E.omee. 



On the liaised Beach on tJie Cuniberland Coast, between Whitehaven and Boir- 

 ness. Bi/ R. Hussell, C.E., F.G.S., and J. Y. Holmes, F.O.S., I/JI. 

 Oeolofficat Survei/, England and Wahs. 



On the coast of Cimiberland, between Workington and Bowness, the remains of 

 an old sea-beach can be most distinctly followed, and south from the former place 

 there is abundant evidence to show that the elevation of the laud marked by this 

 raised beach affected the whole of this portion of the west coast of Cumberland. 



The characteristic appearance which the raised beach presents is a flat of greater 

 or less width stretching inland — in some cases terminating at the base of a clifl", and 

 in other instances bounded by a flat from 4 to 5 feet below the level of the surface- 

 gravel of this old beach. 



North of Workington we have an example of the former case, and at Silloth an 

 instance of the latter. 



The surface of tliis flat is covered with a number of ridges approximately parallel 

 to the coast-line and to each other, and these ridges consist of sand and gravel par- 

 tially covered at various places along the coast with blown sand. This ridgy ap- 

 pearance is seen to be exactly like that portion of the present beach lying be- 

 tween the levels of the highest spring- and the highest neap-tides, where small 

 ridges of gravel are observed to be thrown up at the various difl'erent levels to which 

 the tide flows in the interval between the two periods above referred to. Tj'pical 

 examples characteristic of littoral" deposits are seen at Workington, Harrington, 

 St. Bees, and at numerous places along the coast. 



The general resemblance between this upper teiTace and the present beach, even 

 in the absence of marine shells in the former, shows that the process of formation 

 in both cases must have been the same. 



On the coast between AVorkington and AYhitehaven it exists in small isolated 

 patches, as at the north end of the ridge at Chapel Plill, at Harrington, at Partou, 

 and at AVhitehaven. From Worldngton northwards through Mar^-port to Brown 

 Rigg the line of an old sea-clift'is for the most part ver}' distinctly marked, at the 

 base of which occurs a flat of from 40 chains to 2 chains in breadth ; at Allonby 

 this flat is bounded by a gravel or shingle ridge; while from Silloth north to Grune 

 Point, and across Morecambe Bay, from Anthorn to the Solway Viaduct, the country 

 on the east of the old beach consists of a loamy plain, several feet below the level of 

 this beach, from 3 to 4 miles broad, and dotted here and there with a few patches 

 of sand and gravel. 



The height of the raised beach is from 20 to 25 feet, rarely exceeding 30 feet above 

 the present sea-level. However the base of the old sea-clifF from Oyster Bank to 

 Totter Gill, north of Workington, is .about 40 feet above mean sea-level, and there 

 is no distinctive cliff" marking a 2o-feet beach ; it would therefore seem that after 

 the tirst upheaval the elevation continued to take place very gradually until 40 feet 

 was attained, the beginning of the period of elevation being indicated by the level 

 of the land at the base of this cliff', and its close bj' the present sea-level. 



A consideration of the evidence to be obtained from Roman camps and other 

 remains along the coast seems to confirm the conclusion arrived at hy Mr. Milne- 

 Home in regard to the latest elevation of the land on the Scotch coasts, viz. that 

 it was prior to the Roman occupation of this country. 



Notes on the Drifts and Boulders of the vpper part of the Valleii of the Wharfe^ 

 Yorlshire. By Rev. E. Sewell, M.A., F.G.S., F.Jt.G.S. 



It is evident that the Wharfe valley in many places must once have been filled 

 up to a certain height with gravelly drift and boulder-clays, containing a very 

 large quantity of Millstone-giit blocks, and that since then the river has exca- 

 vated a channel in the drift to the depth, in many places, of at least loO feet, 



