TRANSACTIONS OF TttE SECTIONS. 103 



in tliG same country {Eunica and Siderone) also reproduce the same Colours, but 

 with only a general resemblance in the marking. Yet, again, in Tropical America 

 we liave species of Apatura which, sometimes in both sexes, sometimes in the 

 female only, exactly imitate the peculiar markings of another genus (Ileterockroa) 

 confined to America : hei'e, again, neither genus is protected, and the similarity 

 must be due to unknown local causes. 



But it is among islands that we find some of the most striking examples of the 

 influence of locality on colour, generally in the direction of paler, but sometimes of 

 darker and more brilliant lines, and often accompanied by an unusual increase of 

 size. Thus in the Moluccas and New Guinea we have several Papilios (P. eucheno); 

 P. onnenus, and P. fydetts) distinguished from their allies by a much paler colour, 

 especially in the females, which are almost white. INfany species of Danais 

 (forming the subgenus Ideopsis) are also very pale. But the most curious are the 

 Euploeas, which in the larger islands are usually of rich dark colours, while in the 

 small islands of Banda, Ke, and Matabello at least three species not nearly related 

 to each other {E. hoppferi, E. enripon, and E. assimilata) are all broadly banded or 

 suffused with white, their allies in the larger islands being all very much darker. 

 Again, in the genus Diademn, belonging to a distinct family, three species from 

 the small Aru and K6 islands {D. deuis, D. heicitsoini, and I). 2}oli/me»a) are all 

 more conspicuously white-marked than their representatives in the larger islands. 

 In the beautiful genus Cethosia, a species from the small island of Waigiou (C 

 cyrene) is the whitest of the genus. Protho'e is represented by a blue species in 

 the continental island of Java, while those iuhabitiug the ancient insular groups 

 of the Moluccas and New Guinea are all pale yellow or white. The genus Driisilla, 

 almost confined to these islands, comprises many species which are all very pale ; 

 while in the small island of Waigiou is found a very distinct genus, Hyantis, which, 

 though diifering completely in the neuration of the wings, has exactly the same 

 pale colours and large ocellated spots as DrustUa. Equally remarkable is the fact 

 that the small island of Amboina produces larger-sized buttei"flies than any of the 

 larger islands which surround it. This is the case with at least a dozen butterflies 

 belonging to many distinct genera*, so that it is impossible to attribute it to other 

 than some local influence. In Celebes, as I have elsewhere pointed outf, we have 

 a peculiar form of wing and much larger size running through a whole series of 

 distinct butterflies ; and this seems to take the place of any speciality in colour. 



From the Fiji Islands we have comparatively few butterflies ; but there are 

 several species of Diadema of unusually pale colours, some almost white. 



The Philippine Islands seem to have the peculiarity of developing metallic colours. 

 We find there at least three species of Eiiplcea J not closely related, and all of more 

 intense metallic lustre than their allies in other islands. Here also we have one of 

 the large yellow Ornit/iopterce (0. 7nageUanus), whose hind ^;\■ings glow with an 

 intense opaline lustre not found in any other species of the entire group ; and an 

 AdoHas § is larger and of more brilliant metallic colouring than any other species 

 in the archipelago. In these islands also we find the extensive and wonderful 

 genus of weevils {Pachyrhijnchm) , which in their brilliant metallic colouring 

 surpass any thing found in the whole eastern hemisphere, if not in the whole 

 world. 



In the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal there are a considerable number 

 of peculiar species of butterflies differing slightly from those on the continent, and 

 generally in the direction of paler or more conspicuous colouring. Thus two 

 species of Papilio which on the continent have the tails black, in their Andaman 

 representatives have them either red- or white-tipped ||. Another species IT is richly 

 blue-banded where its allies are black ; while three species of distinct genera of 



* Ornifk«piera iniamus, 0. helena, Papilio deiphobus, P. uh/sseit, P. ffambrisius, P. codrus, 

 Iphias Icucippe, Euplcea protkoe, Hestia idea, Afhymajocante, Jbiadonapajidams, Nymphalis 

 pyrrhv.s, N. eiiryalus, Dnisilla jaims. 



t ' Contributions to the Theory of N.-\tural Selection,' pp. 168-173. 



J Euplcea hcwifxonii, E. diocletiana, E. latifica. 



§ AdoUas callip/iorm. 



II Papilio rhodifcr (near P. doidUdayi) and Papilio charicles (near P. viemnon). 



^ Papilio mayo. 



11* 



