ON THE CIRCULATION OF UNDERGROUND WATERS. 125 



gallon, consisting of: — 



grains. 



Sulphate of lime 3-31 



Carbonate of lime 7*10 



„ magnesia 6-93 



Chloride of sodium 3-37 



Silica 0-48 



Organic matter 2-81 



24-00 



Mr. Roberts gives the two following analyses, as showing the source of the 

 increasing salinity of the Liverpool weUs to be due to the percolation of the 

 river and not to any natural hardness. Analysis A was made in 1850 by 

 Mr, PhiUips, of well-water in Great Howard Street, Liverpool, 200 yards 

 from the docks. Analysis B was made in 1869 by Mr. A Norman Tate, 

 F.C.S., of halftide-water, procured from the Mersey by Mr. Roberts, at the 

 South Landing-Stage. 



A. B. 



grains. grains. 



Carbonate of lime 28-70 0-64 



,, of magnesia 0-00 0-80 



Sulphate of lime 144-00 56-44 



„ of magnesia 0-00 113-14 



Chloride of magnesium 209-00 85-60 



,, of potassium 0-00 5-32 



„ of sodium 531-00 1295-50 



Silica 0-32 0-64 



Alkaline nitrates . . trace 



Iodides and bromides . . trace 



Organic matter 1-30 not det. 



914-32 1558-08 



In South Lancashire Mr. MeUard Reade has collected valuable information, 

 and reports a well at Crouton near Prescot, yielding 800,000 gallons a day, 

 407 feet in depth ; a well at the Iron Works, Garston, yielding 240,000 gal- 

 lons per day, 351 feet in depth ; a well of the Widness Local Board, with 

 bore-hole 300 feet in depth, yielding 6| million gallons per week of 7 days. 



In Cheshire no returns have as yet been received by Mr. Morton, and he 

 therefore defers reporting on the Wirral wells until next year. For compa- 

 rison with other districts, it may be well to reproduce the following details. 



In sinking the well at Playbrick Hill in Cheshire, 3400 yards from the 

 Mersey, water began to weep into the well through cavities in the sandstone 

 at 10 feet above high- water mark ; above that level Mr. Roberts, who sank 

 the well, states the Keuper Sandstone was free from water ; as the depth 

 increased the yield of water became greater, until at 55 feet below high- 

 water mark 350,000 gallons were supplied in 24 hours, which quantity, by 

 a subsequent bore-hole and adit driven to cut a fault by the direction of 

 Mr. Bateman, C.E., was increased to 1,600,000 gallons in the same time. 



Professor Hiill states that this and the other wells belonging to the 

 Tranmere Local Board, the Birkenhead Commissioners, and the Wirral Water 

 Co., yield together not less than four million gallons. 



