OxV THE CIRCULATION OP TJNDEllGROUiVD WATERS. 131 



13. Do not know. 13. Not to my knowledge ; well 150 years old. 14. Not to my 

 knowledge. 15. Not to my knowledge ; but the water in many of the wells near 

 the sea, which are compai-atively shallower, is very " brackish." 



Dr. Albert Baker, Dawlish. 

 1. In the valley or town, and on the hills on each side of the valley or town of 

 Dawlish. 2. From 5 ft. to 200 ft. 3. Varies from 30 to 180 ft. ; diameter in sand 3 ft. 



9 in., in stone or rock 4 ft. 9 in. ; bore-holes not in use. 4. The average from the 

 "mother" or "main spring" is 7 feet, and if pumped out refills in 7 or 8 hours 

 everywhere. B. To be calculated. 6. Very little when the " mother " spring is 

 struck ; there is very little difference, if any, observed in the past 10 years ; increase of 

 population 500 to 600. 7. Only the shallow wells of 14 to 20 feet, which is all from 

 drainage through the lower bed of coarse gravel ; this not more than 1 or 2 feet below 

 the stream or sea anywhere. 8. Not very hard ; contains a good deal of sulphate of 

 lime (Sorby's), which decreases as you ascend the brook ; in many of the low levels it is 

 brackish, but varies very much in adjoining wells. 9. Generally red sandstone imtil 

 you reach 60 ox 70 feet. The layers run from sandstone to coarse gravel like beach, 

 with veins of fine sand, then large flinty stones and gravel, coarse and large ; should 

 hard pan of sandstone be hit, the water will be retained by it, or if bored through 

 it wells up so fast very often that all fui-ther sinking is stopped and a permanent sup- 

 ply of 7 feet deep is obtained ; at about 40 to 50 feet above the sea water is readily 

 got at 3-5 feet, but is generally believed to be branch springs and surface percolation 

 together, very pure, but not always permanent. It is believed that any well pumped 

 out would refill to 7 feet in from 10 to 12 hours. The various beds vary from 1 to 



10 feet or more in thickness ; sandstone always predominates in the deep weUs. 

 The only well requiring blasting is at " Oaklands," now 65 feet deep and in very hard 

 conglomerate red rock : this well is 200 feet above the sea-level. 10. Yes, many 

 in various places. 11. Not generally near wells, but used as open springs and con- 

 sidered very pure. 12. No. 13. Never heard of any. 14. No. 15. Never heard 

 of any ; and the brackish water gets bitter as you get deeper, and is very variable in 

 mostplaces. It appears to me entirely dependent on the loose gi-avel-beds, which 

 vary in depth and thickness considerably, and no doubt allow the sea- water to per-« 

 colate through them in high tides, dry seasons, and such like. 



Rev. J. Lightfoot, Cofton, near Dawlish. 

 1. On Cofton Hill, on the right bank of estuary of the Exe. 2. About 92 feet. 

 3. Depth 71 feet, diameter 3 feet. 4. Height of water 19 feet ; no sensible dif- 

 ference after pumping. 5. Not known. 6. Do not know ; the water has never failed. 

 7. Do not know ; about 40 feet above mean sea-level. 9. Light porous sandy rock. 

 10. No. 12. No. 13. No. 14. No. 15. No. 



Mr. John Watson, Torquay, 

 1. Compton Farm, Marldon, near Torquay. 3. 90 feet deep, 5 feet diameter ; no 

 bore-hole. 4. It is used for the ordinary purposes at the farm-house, and has never 

 been exhausted. 6. 10 feet in winter and 6 feet in summer. 7. No stream nearer than 

 half a mile, 8. Hard. 9. 10 feet of earth and di-ift, and the remainder red sand- 

 stone. 10. No, 12. No, 13. No, 14 No. 15. I have no knowledge of any. 



Dr. J. A. Colt. 

 _ 1. At my house at Maidencombe. 2. About 250 feet. 3. 91 feet deep, 3 feet 

 diameter; continued to bottom of well. 4. Ordinary height of water 13 feet 

 6 inches ; no perceptible difference, unless after two or three hours' pumping in dry 

 weather. 5. Several hogsheads have been pumped in a day without more than 2 

 inches fall. 6. No, excepting in the diy seasons of 1868, 1869, and 1870, after severe 

 pumping to supply cattle and neighbours, when it fell to 9 feet 6 inches in October 

 1870. 7. The level is not affected to any evident extent by local rains. 8. It con- 

 tains a small quantity of lime. 9. The cover of red-marl drift is about 12 feet thick, 

 and aftei-wards nearly solid red sandstone rock, with here and there a layer of lirne- 

 stone cobbles cemented in the sand. 10. No surface -springs ; the well is flagged over 

 with large slate flags. 11. Yes. 12. No, not nearer than 300 yards, where a well 

 130 feet deep refused to hold water- 13. None, 14. No, 15, No. 



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