QUIROGA: a MEXICAN MTTNICIPIO BRAND 



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taining to religious concepts and ceremony. In 

 addition, there are scattered representatives of 

 such classes as pagan goddesses (Elvka), qualities 

 and substantial concepts (Ofelia, from the Greek 

 for "benefit"), a romantic Tarascan heroine 

 (Erendira), etc. 



MALE NAMES 



No one source dominates the male Christian 

 names as does Mary among the female names. 

 However, Mary's counterpart and husband Joseph 

 (Jose) does rank in first place with about one- 

 tenth of the total. This is undoubtedly the work 

 of the Franciscan friars, who also espoused the 

 cults or devotions and festivals of the Holy 

 Name of Jesus and of the Blessed Trinity. Al- 

 though Jesds is in a strong second place, the names 

 belonging to the Saviour group do not bulk im- 

 portantly. The other names ol this group include 

 Salvador, Manuel, Trinidad, Domingo, and Ascen- 

 ci6n. Possibly there should be included the 

 reputed names and titles of the Three Wise Men — 

 Melchor, Santos, Gaspar, Reyes, and Baltazar 

 (this last name is not current in Quiroga excepting 

 as a surname). AU of this group comprise only 

 about 15 percent of the names. Commencing with 

 Luis, Diego, and Francisco (in third, fourth, and 

 fifth places) we have the most important group — 

 that of major saints. Next in importance in this 

 gi'oup are Antonio, Juan, Pedro, Ram6n, Leo- 

 poldo, Isidro, Carlos, Felipe, Santiago, Gregorio, 

 Vicente, Nicolas, Andres, Lorenzo, Agustfn, Leo- 

 nardo, Florentino, Felix, Fidel, Ignacio, Tomas, 

 Basilio, Marcelino, Marcial, Marcos, and Primo. 

 This group comprises about 50 percent of the 

 total. It is noteworthy that Franciscan saints 

 dominate; e. g., San Luis de Tolosa, San Francisco 

 de Asis, San Antonio de Padua, San Juan Capis- 

 trano, San Pedro de Alcantara, and San Diego de 

 Alcala — the patron saint of Quiroga. Also, Span- 

 ish or pseudo-Spanish saints are important, such 

 as (in addition to several of the above) Santiago 

 (St. James the Greater) , the patron Saint of Spain, 

 San Isidro the Laborer (patron saint of Madrid), 

 and several by the name of Ram6n and Vicente. 

 The Apostles, Evangelists, and the doctors of 

 the church are not well represented other than 

 Santiago mentioned above, Gregorio, Andres, 

 Agustin, and some of the Juans, Pedros, Felipes, 

 and Tomases. Closely related to this group are 

 two others, the first of which comprises personages 



from the Old Testament who are nominal saints; 

 e. g., Ismael, Daniel, David, Samuel, Eliseo, 

 Ruben, Abel, and others in descending order. 

 This group comprises about 5 percent of the male 

 population. The other group is made up of names 

 that are inherently Spanish-Germanic, although 

 several of the names were possessed by recognized 

 saints. The leaders in this group, which covers 

 about 8 percent of the males, are Alfonso, Enrique, 

 Artm-o (possibly Celtic in origin), Ricardo, 

 Alfredo, Rodolfo, Adolfo, Alberto, Eduardo, 

 Arnulfo, and Roberto. There remain two major 

 distinct groups. One, which comprises about 5 

 percent of the males, contains the angels and 

 archangels — Rafael, Miguel, Angel, Gabriel, and 

 Serafin, etc. The other, which covers about 5 

 percent of the males, embraces names cormected 

 with the Virgin Mary, e. g., Guadalupe, Marfa, 

 Refugio, Carmen, Encarnacidn, Socorro, Dolores, 

 Natividad, Salud, and Joaquin (the father of Mary) . 

 To stress the importance of the local Franciscan 

 influence we should mention that the best santos 

 preserved in the churches and chapels of Quiroga 

 are those of San Diego de AlcaM, San Jose, San 

 Francisco de Asis, San Antonio de Padua, and 

 N. S. de la Purisima Concepci6n. Also there are, 

 or have existed, chapels dedicated to San Antonio, 

 San Vicente, San Miguel, et al. 



COMBINATIONS 



It has been mentioned already that Jose and 

 Maria are used widely in combinations. Some of 

 these combinations are mandatory; that is, 

 Jesiis should never appear without Jose or Maria, 

 and the same is nominally true for many other 

 names, such as Guadalupe, and Carmen. Other 

 combinations are favorites, although not required, 

 as in Ana Maria, Rosa Maria, ^laria Isabel, 

 Maria Luisa, Maria Teresa, Maria Elena, Maria 

 Eugenia, Maria Crisiina, and Maria Ester for 

 gu-ls; and Jose Luis, Jose Antonio, Jose Francisco, 

 and rarely such as Juan Manuel, Victor Manuel, 

 and Pedro Antonio for boys. Occasionally a 

 tripart combination such as Jose Maria Concepcidn 

 will be used. There is a general feeling in the 

 Roman Catholic church that the names of non- 

 saiuts (such as Abigail, Celia, Delia, Elvira, 

 Eloisa, Ester, Ofelia, Raquel, Alfredo, Baltazar, 

 Gaspar, and Gustavo.) should be given only in 

 connection with the name of some saint. This 

 attitude was not noted in Quiroga. 



