214 



INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY — ^PUBUCATION NO. 1 1 



NAMES LACKING 



In view of occurrences in some other parts of 

 Mexico there are some interesting lacks and repre- 

 sentations. Among male names lacking or repre- 

 sented by only one individual are Aaron, Abelardo, 

 Anselmo, Baltazar, Benjamin, Bias, Clemente, 

 Conrado, Edmundo, Ernesto, GO, Gonzalo, 

 Horacio, Jacobo, Lucas, Mateo, Oth6n, Raimundo, 

 Ramiro, Rodrigo, Ruperto, Sebastian, Sim6n, 

 Valentin, and Victor. Relatively poor repre- 

 sentation was found for names such as Ignacio 

 (8), Tomds (8), Marcos (7), Fernando (6), L^zaro 

 (6), Gabriel (5), Jorge (5), Julio (5), Melchor (5), 

 Pablo (5), Roberto (5), Domingo (4), Esteban 

 (4), Pascual (4), Patricio (4), Ruben (4), Bernardo 

 (3), Cruz (3), Hilario (3), Martin (3), Matias (3), 

 Timoteo (3), Alejandro (2), Ambrosio (2), Cipriano 

 (2), Cosme (2), Gaspar (2), Hip61ito (2), and 

 Julidn (2). Among female names lacking or 

 represented only by one person are Agata, 

 Alejandra, Barbara, Benita, Berta, Carolina, 

 Clara, Constancia, Cristina, Enriqueta, Eva, 

 Inocencia, Leticia, Lucrecia, Mariana, Prudencia, 

 and Ursula. Relatively poorly represented are 

 Ramona (8), Susana (7), Victoria (7), Tomasa (6), 

 Adelaida (5), Gregoria (5), Matilde (5), Micaela 

 (5), Natalia (5), Paz (5), Felipa (4), Ines (4), 

 Rebeca (4), Sofia (4), Dommga (3), Eugenia (3), 

 Manuela (3), Marta (3), Camila (2), Cecilia (2), 

 Eloisa (2), Evangelina (2), Florencia (2), Gertrudis 

 (2), Gloria (2), Laura (2), Monica (2), and Teodora. 



EQUIVALENTS 



In Quiroga usage most of the names have both 

 masculine and feminine forms, to an extent much 

 greater than obtains in the United States. 



E.xamples from the more common names include: 



Masculine: Feminine: 



Jos^. Josefa, Josefina. 



Mario, 3os6 Marfa. Marfa. 



Jos6 JesUs. Marfa Jesus. 



Jose Guadalupe. Marfa Guadalupe. 



Luis. Luisa. 



Jos^ del Carmen. Marfa del Carmen. 



Diego Diega. 



Francisco Francisca. 



Juan. Juana. 



Rafael. Rafaela. 



Jos6 Salud. Marfa Salud. 



Salvador. Salvadora. 



Antonio. Antonia. 



Pedro. Petra. 



Manuel. Manuela. 



Ram6n. Ramona. 



One can generalize that nearly all masculine 

 names have feminine forms, but the reverse is not 

 so true. There are no masculine forms of Teresa, 

 Ester, Sara, Isabel, and Elena, for example. 

 Furthermore, of the various manifestations and 

 associations connected with Maria, we found no 

 instances in Quiroga of the masculine use of 

 Angeles, Esperanza, Estela, Gracia, Luz, Mer- 

 cedes, Paz, Pilar, and Rosario. Nevertheless, 

 it is confusing to encounter men called Maria, 

 Carmen, Consuelo, Dolores, Ines and the like, 

 and women with such names as Encarnacion, 

 Jesiis, Sacramento, and Reyes. 



NICKNAMES 



The most common nicknames are the abbre- 

 viated or altered forms of the regular Christian 

 names. Among those commonly heard were 

 Pepe and Chepe for Jose, Chucho and Chucha for 

 Jesus, Maruca and Maruja for Maria, Chon for 

 Encarnaci6n, Concha for Concepci6n, Lupe for 

 Guadalupe, Pancho and Paco for Francisco, 

 Lola for Dolores and Carlota, Nacho for Ignacio, 

 Catuja for Catalina, and Belica for Isabel. A 

 variant, and very common, are the diminutives, 

 such as Antonito for Antonio, Dieguito for Diego, 

 Anita for Ana, Frasquito and Currito for Fran- 

 cisco, Pepita and Chepita for Josefa (and equiva- 

 lents for Jose), Mariquita for Maria, Lolita for 

 Dolores, and Conchita for Concepci6n. 



Descriptive nicknames, commonly used in the 

 third person preceded by the article "el" or "la," 

 are such as El Chino (The curly-haired one; not 

 the Chinaman), El Gordo (The fat one), La 

 Rubia or La Guera (The blonde or fair one). El 

 Mocho (The one-armed one). El Cojo (The 

 crippled one). La Loca (The crazy one). El Tuerto 

 (The one-eyed one), El Flaco (The lazy or thin 

 one), and El Tlacuache (The opossum). Also 

 there are used such descriptive, and usually de- 

 preciative, substantives and adjectives as Chango 

 (monkey), Chato (flat-nosed or flat-faced), Chapo 

 and Chaparrito (shorty), Charro (dandy), Cha- 

 maco (kid, small boy), Chayote (tomboy), Gata 

 (a female servant or working girl), Cabcz6n 

 (dunce), Coyote (a sly or dishonest person), 

 Cuatrojos (one who wears spectacles), Jamona (a 

 big woman), Vieja (old woman), Tia (old woman; 

 witch). Often two important individuals with 

 the same names wUl have distinctive agnomens. 



