ILLUSTRATIONS 



PLATES 



(All plates at end of book, following page 226) 



1. Landscape, roads and paths. 



2. Village scenes. 



3. Persons, physical types. 



4. Persons. 



5. Persons. 



6. House types and construction. 



7. Occupations. 



8. Occupations. 



9. SpeciaUsts. 



10. Agriculture. 



11. Agriculture. 



12. Basketry. 



13. Transportation. 



14. Transportation. 



15. Tools and equipment. 



16. Churches and chapels. 



17. Ritual, ceremony, and belief. 



18. Marriage, baptism, and burial. 



19. Leisure time activities. 



20. Miscellaneous scenes. 



4. Piio, or pipe for tobacco, used principally by 



older women. (Natural size.) Bowl is of 



clay, stem of taquara 41 



5. Paid, or local stove used for cooking. The 



space underneath sometimes is filled in to 



the floor 44 



6. Charcoal-burning iron 45 



7. PiZao, or wooden mortar, with pestle 45 



8. Farm tools, a, 6, and c, Blades of three types 



of enxada, or hoe. d, Blade of enxadao. e, 

 Foice. f, Cavadeira. ?, Ax 52 



9. Riscador, a kind of Uster, used to make shallow 



furrows for planting 53 



10. Gr&de, or crude harrow, made of wood, with 



iron teeth. Each side is about 4 feet long,. 53 



11. Facao, or machete (H natural size) 53 



12. Monjolo, or large mortar and pestle driven by 



water power 54 



13. Local pottery, a, Forno used as a pan in 



cooking. 6, Moringa, and c, P6te, each used 

 to hold water, d, e, and /, Cuscuseiro, or 

 vessel in which food is cooked by steam, 

 showing the lid and cross section of detached 

 upper part 85 



FIGURES 



1. Polished stone celt (H natural size), used by 



indigenous Indians. Called by present in- 

 habitants pedra de raio, or "lightning stone". 



2. Age and sex pyramid for the population of the 



village of Cruz das Almas, 1948 



3. Fisga, or local fishgig, used to pull a paca or 



similar animal out of the river when it is 

 trying to escape by swimming 



rv 



MAPS 



1. South America, showing Brazil and the State 

 <3E of Sao Paulo 



2. The village of Cruz das Almas, showing the 



distribution of house types and the location 



6 of the church, chapels, cemetery, vendas, 



boiequins, bakery, horseshoeing shop, pre- 



23 feitura, and jail. Indicated also are the loca- 



tion and arrangement of the sede, or head- 

 quarters, of the fazenda that lies at the edge 



34 of the village 



