CRUZ DAS almas: a BRAZILIAN VILLAGE — PIERSON 99 



Cruzeiros Boys Occasionally are hired for farm work at 7 



Overseeing preparations to put tliis quarry in op- . i -^i ^ j i . • ■J.^ 



..,„>, - o'useiros a day, without food, or 4 cruzeiros, with 



eration (2 persons), per hour ^ j t m • "i i i -i i 



food. To pick up potatoes, women and children 



A few persons draw regular salaries. They are ^^^ ^^^^ g cruzeiros a sack of 60 kilos (132 



as ows. pounds). Two men who assist with the running of 



per month ^ "lill to grind maize are paid, respectively, 500 



Tax collector 2, 760 and 400 cruzeiros per month and each is furnished 



Teacher (1) '1,700 a house for his family. The woman who "toasts" 



c \^ T 1 h'o^,, maize flour in this mill receives 60 centavos (0.60 



Manager of oiaria '1,000 cruzeiro) per kilo. The part-time barbers charge 



Manager of new bus line 900 31/^ cruzeiros for a haircut and 11/2 cruzeiros for a 



Mail carrier* 869 shave; the charge for the two services together is 



Fiscal of the Prefeitura^ 850 41/ cruzeiros. 



OS mis ress Farm labor used always to be hired, and still is 



Gravedigger 450 . , , , '' , . , . 



Supervisor of road work 450 ^o a considerable extent, by the tarefa, or task. 



,.,..„, t- , * J ., 4., • ^, • t V So much is this so that many farmers still measure 



* A raise m salary 13 anticipated shortly, since this teacher ^ •' 



will soon have completed 15 years of teaching at which time land ill tarefa^, and the hraQos of wluch the tarefa 



the salary will automatically be increased. j composed. Apparently this measurement, as 



' See Division of Labor, pp. 59, 60. .... 



= Plus commission. has been indicated, originally was the amount of 



'Work consists in carrying mail on foot to and from Sao | ^j j^ j, ■ ^ j^ ^j j 



Jos« dos Patos on the railroad 9 miles away. See Division of ^ . 



Labor, p. 58. trobolho por tarefa (working by the tarefa)^ the 



Only one person, the escHvdo de paz, or registrar 'erm became generalized also to refer to a certain 



of vital statistics, makes his living from fees, al- quantity of wood cut or a certain number of trips 



,, 1 , it • ]■ • 1 1 • 11 -J made by the driver of an oxcart or mule train, 



though two other individuals occasionally are paid . , • , , ■ -, 



. ^, . .1 . . 7 • ^ . A man working long hours or at a rapid rate 



in this way : the miz de paz receives 5 cruzeiros per 1 • 1 T ^ • ^ ■^ 



•^„„ ; , 7 „ „ ■ r. obviously may complete in a day more than a 



marriage- and the eurador^^^ of marriages, 2 ^^^,^^^_ ^^^m^v^ much perfer to hire by this 



cruzeiros. The income of the escrmo has varied 3^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ uj ^^^'t hire a 



m recent years from 370 to 1,000 cruzeiros per ^^^n by the day, because then he will kill so much 



month. time that the day is over before he's gotten much 



The sub-prefeito and the suh-delegado ^^ serve done." ^^ 



without salary, as do the padre, the sacristan, the Land in the community, with improvements, is 



acolytes, and the patronesses, although, on the oc- selling at present for from 1,000 to 3,000 cruzeiros 



casion of a religious festival, those in charge will per alqueire, or about $9.20 to $27.50 per acre. A 



give the sacristan 20 cruzeiros or so for his care farm of 13 alqueires, with a small house, recently 



of the church and the padre will give each of the sold for 37,000 cruzeiros and another of 9 alqueires^ 



acolytes a small sum out of the funds obtained also with a small house, for 22,000 cruzeiros. Pay- 



for the festival. The woman who washes the vest- meiit for land and other properties is made either 



ments and altar cloths on these occasions may also in cash or by promissory note. A farmer with 90 



be given from 20 to 40 cruzeiros. The midwife alqueires (about 540 acres) of land paid 470 cru- 



may be paid up to 40 or 50 cruzeiros for a de- zeiros land tax last year. Other tax payments 



livery or receive remuneration in kind. In cases were proportionately about the same. The land 



of extreme poverty, she may forego payment. tax has since been increased 100 percent. 



"Wlien I see they can't afford it," says the mid- The only sitio being rented, among 15 visited, 



wife, "I tell them it doesn't matter, I'll help them was leased at an annual rate of 337.50 cruzeiros for 



anyway." the 1.5 alqueires, or about 9 acres. This is equiva- 



''"Por performing the civil marriage ceremony. "» The owner of a fazevda who pays by the alqueire to clear 



>"An official who checks the documents made out on the oc- brush off land to be put to pasture complains that although In 



casion of a marriage ceremony. 1941 he paid only 40 cruxeiros per alqueire, he now has to pay 



"8 See Division of Labor, p. 59. "from 180 to 200 cruzeiros." 



