CRUZ DAS almas: a BRAZILIAN VILLAGE' — ^PIERSON 



223 



Oratorio, a small, crudely built household shrine, in 

 which small images are kept. 



Paca, a rodent, Cwiiculus paca. 



Padre, priest. 



Padrinho, godfather. 



Paiol, a crib for storing farm produce (pi. 20, e). 



Pardo (fem., parda), a term loosely employed in Brazil 

 to refer to variations of color (and, to some extent, of 

 race) intermediate between iranco (white) and preto 

 (black). 



Pau a pique, literally, sticks on end; (1) a type of house 

 construction in which puddled earth is spread over a 

 framework of sticks; (2) an alcoholic drink. 



Peneira, a sieve, usually made of taquara. 



Peroba, a native hardwood, Aspidosperma sp. 



Picador, a pit in which clay is mixed for making brick. 



Picua, a cloth sack used for carrying small objects while 

 traveling on horseback or on foot (see pi. 2, f). 



Pilao, a wooden mortar, made by hollowing out a log 

 (fig.7). 



Pinga, the regional slang term for aguardente, an alcoholic 

 drink made by fermenting the juice of the sugarcane. 



Pipa, (1) a wooden container in which clay is stirred with 

 paddles, by means of animal power, during the process 

 of making brick; (2) a cask, usually employed for 

 alcoholic liquors. 



Planalto, the high plateau which extends over the major 

 portion of the Brazilian interior from near the sea- 

 coast to the Parana and northward to the Amazon 

 Basin. 



Podaozinho, a tool, similar to the foice, except that it is 

 smaller. 



Poia, a crude stove (fig. 5) . 



Praga, (1) a public square; (2) a market, or marketing 

 center; (3) the principal nucleus of business houses in 

 a town; (4) a cleared space near fallen timber, on 

 which a caieira is built. 



Prefeito, the principal administrative officer of the 

 municipio. 



Prenda, an object donated by a parishioner to be auctioned 

 off at a festival to help pay expenses. 



Preto (fem., preta), literally hlack; a term used to 

 refer to persons of unmixed, or relatively unmixed, 

 African ancestry. 



Promessa, a vow, made to a santo, to perform a specified 

 act in return for the granting of a given request. 



Quentao, an alcoholic drink, made by adding approxi- 

 mately half as much water to a given quantity of pinga, 

 and boiling with sugar and a little ginger and cinnamon. 



Rancho, a crude shelter for farm produce and similar 

 items, usually located in a field and consisting of a 

 roof of sapi, supported on poles. 



Rapadura, crude brown sugar, in the form of cakes. 



Reboque, a plaster, made of lime, earth and water. 



Restia, two parallel rows of onions braided together so 

 as to be handled easily. 



Reza (1) a meeting, for prayer and the singing of hymns, 

 held in the village church, at which the padre usually 



oiBciates ; (2) a gathering at a wayside chapel or in a 

 private home, at which one of more capeldes repeat 

 and chant prayers. 



Riscador, a diminutive lister, used to open shallow fur- 

 rows for planting (fig. 9). 



Ro^a, a cultivated patch or field. 



Romaria, a group pilgrimage made to a famed shrine. 



Rua, street. 



Saci, a mythical being, said to have the form of a small, 

 black boy with one leg, to wear a red cap and to be 

 especially mischievous, fond of playing ijranks. 



Samba, a folk dance, employing the samha rhythm, which 

 differs considerably from the sophisticated variety 

 known to the cities. 



Santo, roughly saint; the precise content of the term, how- 

 ever, varies somewhat (see section on Santos, p. 147). 



Sape, a coarse grass, Imperata brasiliensis, used for 

 thatching. 



Saliva, a species of ant (Atta sexdcns). 



Sede, (1) a seat or headquarters ; (2) the central group of 

 building on a fazenda. 



Seu, an abbreviation of Senhor (Mister). 



Sitio, a small farm, worked by the owner (or renter) and 

 his family. 



Soldado, a member of the military police, assigned to the 

 village by the State authorities to assist the sub-dele- 

 ffado in maintaining order. 



Sub-delegado, the law enforcement officer of the distrito, 

 under orders of the delcgado, stationed in the seat of 

 the iminicipio. 



Sub-prefeito, the principal administrative officer of the 

 distrito, named by, and directly responsible to, the 

 prefeito. 



Taipa, tamped earth. 



Taquara, a native species of bamboo. 



Tarefa, a unit of measurement, equivalent to one thirty- 

 second of an alqueire. 



Terreiro, the space around a farmhouse which is kept 

 clear of vegetation. 



Tipiti (tapiti), a small, flexible, oval-shaped basket, made 

 of sap4 and used locally for expelling liquid from a 

 mass of crushed fruit, especially citron. 



Tropa, (1) a pack train; (2) a band of loose horses, 

 mules, or burros being driven along the road. 



Tropeiro, the driver of a tropa. 



Tucum, the fiber from the tucwmd palm, used locally for 

 weaving flshlines and nets. 



Valo, a deep ditch, used as a boundary between properties 

 pi. 11, i). 



Venda, a store in which a variety of wares are sold, in- 

 cluding alcoholic drinks. 



Violao, a musical instrument, of six strings, similar to the 

 guitar. 



Virada, the sharing of a common glass of pinga, or other 

 drink, on the part of all persons present. 



Virado de feijao, boiled beans, recooked with manioc or 

 maize meal and lard, and seasoned with onions. 



Xuxu, a vegetable, Secchium edule. 



