72 report — 1877. 



sea-water enters the well. Whether this is due to the great north and 

 south faults, by which it is cut off from the sea, is a subject for speculation ; 

 if so it is easy to understand how those wells belonging to private firms on 

 the margin of the river are affected by sea-water, while the wells more inlaud 

 are not. 



On the Cheshire side the Wallasey well is on the margin of the great float, 

 and is pumped down to below low water, yet it is not affected by the sea ; 

 but here, again, the well itself is tubbed, and there is a great covering of 

 drift over the rock, which may be impervious. In some cases, on the other 

 hand, the bare rock is exposed in the river without any drift covering. It 

 appears to me that no general rule can be drawn on the subject, local cir- 

 cumstances alone determining what wiJl take place. 



In presenting you with this Report I must apologise for its shortcomings, 

 as there are many points touched upon which require more mature consider- 

 ation than I yet have had time to give them. As, however, local observers 

 who win the facts are necessarily the best able to arrange them in a form to 

 be understood and digested, I trust I may have contributed something towards 

 a knowledge of the circulation of underground waters. 



APPENDIX. 

 I. Vakiotjs Returns. 



Name of Member of Committee asking for information, A. H. Green. 

 Name of Individual or Company applied to : — 



The Selby Waterworks Co. James Wetherill, Surveyor and Manager of 



Waterworks. 



1*. There are 7 wells in the town of Selby, obtaining water from the New Red 

 Sandstone. 2. 20' 6" above mean water-level at Liverpool. 3. Depth of well 

 12' 0"x6'0"; cast-iron pipe to top of rock; diameter of bore in rock 6 inches; 

 330 ft. from surface. 4. Water rises to within 4 ft. of natural surface ; when 



S jumping we have to take the water as the bore yields it ; it flows to the above 

 leight in 2 hours. 5. About 250,000 gallons, more if the bore was larger. 6. 

 Yes; about August, September, and October. 7. No; below the streams, but not 

 affected by them. 8. About 8° of hardness, which you will find from the report of 

 Mr. Homersham on the Wakefield Water Bill last session ; the water is well adapted 

 for domestic purposes. 9. Alluvial soil 5 ft.; clay, 24' 0"; sand charged with 

 water one man can pump, 1' 0" ; clay, 24' 0" ; quicksand, 21' 0" ; strong spring of 

 water and the bottom of pipes, Red Sandstone, IS' 0" ; marl resembling Fuller's 

 earth, 0' 1" ; Red Sandstone, 10' 3" ; Grey Sandstone, 0' 1" ; Red Sandstone, 04' 9" ; 

 ditto, harder, 118' 6" ; very hard rock, 10' 0"; Red Sandstone, 6' 9"; very hard 

 rock, 4' 9" ; ditto, 22' 0" : total 330 ft. 8 in. to bottom of bore-hole. 10. Yes. 

 11. They are kept out. 12. None. 13. None whatever. 14. None. 15. From 

 inquiry none have been given up ; plenty of good water can be obtained. 



Name of Member of Committee asking for information, C. E. de Ranee, 

 per Mr. Aveline, F.G.S. 



Name of Individual or Company applied to : — 



Mr. John Vivian, C.E., 23 King Street, Whitehaven, for the Furness Diamond 



Boring Company. 



1. About 500 yards from the village of Glaston-in-Furness. 2. About 30 ft. 

 3. Bore-hole 2108 ft. deep ; 8" diameter at top, 2± at bottom. 4. About 10 ft. the 

 water will rise, always flowing out of the hole. 5. A flow of about 104,700 galls. 

 per day. 6. No; only open during the past 12 to 18 months. 7. Not perceptibly ; 



* For nature of questions, see first report of the Committee, Bristol. 



