TRANSACTIONS OP THE SECTIONS. 59 



limestone, and investing films of stalagmite, both prevalent in the Cave-earth, were 

 extremely rare. Large blocks of limestone were occasionally met with : and the 

 deposit, to which the name of Breccia was given, w«B of a depth exceeding that to 

 which the exploration has yet been earned. 



Except in a very few small branches, the bottom of the Cavern has nowhere been 

 reached. In the cases in which there was no Cave-earth, the Granular Stalagmite 

 rested immediately on the Crystalline ; and where the Crystalline Stalagmite was 

 not present, the Cave-earth and Breccia, were in direct contact. Large isolated 

 masses of the Crystalline Stalagmite, as well as concreted lumps of the Breccia, were 

 occasionally met with in the Cave-earth, thus showing that the older deposits had, 

 in portions of the Cavern, been partially broken up, dislodged, and redeposited. No 

 instance was met with of the incorporation in a lower bed of fragments derived 

 from an upper one. In short, wherever all the deposits were found in one and 

 the same vertical section, the order of superposition was clear and invariable ; 

 and elsewhero the succession, though defective, was never transgressed. 



Excepting the overlying blocks of limestone, of course, all the deposits contained 

 remains of animals, which, however, were not abundant in the Stalagmites. 



The Black Mould, the uppermost bed, yielded teeth and bones of Man, Bog, Fox, 

 Badger, Browu Bear, Bos lonyifrons, Roedeer, Sheep, Goat, Pig, Hare, Babbit, and 

 Seal — species still existing, and almost all of them in Bevonshire. This has been 

 called the Ovine bed, the remains of Sheep being restricted to it. In it were also 

 found numerous flint flakes and " strike-lights ; " stone spindle whorls ; fragments 

 of curvilineal pieces of slate ; amber beads ; bone tools, including awls, chisels, and 

 combs ; bronze articles, such as rings, a fibula, a spoon, a spear-head, a socketed 

 celt, and a pin ; pieces of smelted copper ; and a great number and variety of 

 potsherds, including fragments of Saurian ware. 



The Granular Stalagmite, Black Band, and Cave-earth, taken together as be- 

 longing to one and the same biological period, may be termed the Hyanine beds, 

 the Cave Hyaena being their most prevalent species and found in them alone. 

 So far as they have been identified, the remains belong to the Cave Hyaena, 

 Eguus caballm, Rhinoceros tichorkinus, Gigantic Irish Beer, Bos primipettiui, Bison 

 prisons, Bed Beer, Mammoth, Badger, Cave Bear, Grizzly Bear, Brown Bear, 

 Cave Lion, Wolf, Fox, Reindeer, Beaver, Glutton, Machairodus lutidens, and 

 Man — the last being a part of a jaw with teeth, in the Granular Stalagmite. In 

 the same beds were found unpolished ovate and lanceolate implements made from 

 Jtakcs, not nodules, of flint and chert ; flint flakes, chips, and " cores ; " " whet- 

 stones;" a "hammer-stone;" "dead" shells of Pecten; bits of charcoal ; and 

 bone tools, including a needle or bodkin having a well-formed eye, a pin, an awl, 

 three harpoons, and a perforated tooth of Badger. The artificial objects, of both 

 bone and stone, were found at all depths in each of the Hyremne beds, but were 

 much more numerous below the Stalagmite than in it. 



The relics found in the Crystalline Stalagmite and the Breccia, in some places 

 extremely abundant, were almost exclusively those of Bear, the only exceptions 

 being a very few remains of Cave Lion and Fox. Hence these have been termed 

 the Ursine beds. It will be remembered that teeth and bones of Bear were also 

 met with in both the Hysenine and the Ovine beds ; and it should be understood 

 that this biological classification is intended to apply to Kent's Cavern only. The 

 Ursine deposits, or rather the Breccia, the lowest of them, also yielded evidences of 

 human existence ; but they were exclusively tools made from nodules, not Jlakes, of 

 flint and chert. 



Anstys-Cove Cavern. — About 3 furlongs from Kent's Hole towards N.N.E., near 

 the top of the lofty cliff forming the northern boundary of the beautiful Ansty'a 

 Cove, Torquay, there is a cavern where, simultaneously with those in Kent's 

 Cavern, Mr. MacEnery conducted some researches, of which he has left a brief 

 account (see Trans. Bevon. Assoc, vi. pp. (31-69). I have visited it several times, 

 but it seems to be frequently kept under lock and key, as a tool and powder house, 

 by the workmen in a neighbouring quarry. It is a simple gallery, and, according 

 to Mr. MacEnery, 63 feet long, from 3 to 9 feet high, and from 3 to 6 feet 

 broad. Beneath some angular stones he found a stalagmitic floor 14 inches thick, 



